|
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
Il rospo comune, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) |
||||||||
|
|
||
|
Nomi comuni esteri - Spagnolo - Sapo común. Catalano - Gripau comú. Basco - Apo arrunta. Francese - Crapaud commun. Portoghese - Sapo. Inglese - Common Toad, Granulated Toad, Common European Toad. Gallese - Llyfant. Tedesco - Erdkröte. Svezia - Vanlig padda. Norvegia - Padde. Danimarca - Skrubtudse. Olanda - gewone pad. Grecia - Χωματόφρυνος, Φρύνος, Μπράσκα, Βούζα, Μπουσάκα, Ασκουβάζα. Croazia - (Livadna) smeđa krastača. Serbia - Velika krastava žaba, Obična krastača. Slovenia - Navadna krastača. Macedonia (FYROM) - Крастава жаба. Polonia - Ropucha szara. Ungheria - Barna varangy. Repubblica Ceca - Ropucha obecná. Slovacchia - Ropucha obyčajná. Albania - Thithëlopa e zakonshme. Romania - Broasca raioasa bruna. Turchia - Siğilli kurbağa. Bulgaria - Кафява крастава жаба. Finlandia - Rupikonna. |
||
|
|
Click on the image to magnify and for the informations. |
|
![]() |
||
| Click sull'immagine per ingrandire e per le informazioni. | ||
|
|
||
|
Classificazione - Regno: Animalia. Sottoregno: Eumetazoa. Phylum: Chordata. Subphylum: Vertebrata. Superclasse: Gnathostomata. Classe: Amphibia. Sottoclasse: Lissamphibia. Ordine: Anura. Sottordine: Procoela. Famiglia: Bufonidae. Genere: Bufo. |
||
|
Rana Bufo Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat.,
Ed. 10, 1: 210. Sintipi: collocazione attuale ignota, includono comunque
gli specimen raffigurati o descritti dal Gesner, 1554, Hist. Animal. Liber
1-2, o Gesner, 1586, Hist. Animal. Liber 2, , p. 77 (il suo Rubeta
o phrynum); Jonstonus, 1657, Hist. Nat. Quadrup.: 131, pl. 75;
Bradley, 1721, Philosoph. Account Works Nat.: 21, f. 2; Rajo, 1693, Synops.
Method. Animal. Quadrup. Serp. Gen.: 252 (rospo); vedere Andersson, 1900,
Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26: 20, per la discussione sugli
specimen tipo linneani. Località tipo: "in Europae nemorosis ruderatis
umbrosis, imprimis Ucraniae"; ristretta a "Schweden" da Mertens & Müller,
1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 18. |
||
|
Fonti bibliografiche principali - Arnold, E.N. 2003. Reptiles and Amphibians of Europe. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford. |
|||||||
|
|||||||
|
Bibliografia - Alvarez, A. and Martin, L. 2000. Fish elimination by Pond Drainage to Preserve a Toad Population in Spain. FrogLog 41: ? Anonymous. 1993. United Kingdom National Survey. FrogLog 6: 2. Anonymous. 1995. Rana dalmatina on Jersey. FrogLog 14: 3. Arnold, E.N. 2003. Reptiles and Amphibians of Europe. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford. Arnold, H.R. 1995. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles in Britain. ITE research publication 10: 40. Baloutchi, M. and Kami, H.G. 1995. Amphibians of Iran. Tehran University Publications, Tehran. Bannikov, A. G., Darevsky, I. S. and Rustamov, A. K. (1971). Zemnovodnye i Presmykayushchienya SSSR [Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR]. Izdatelistvo Misl, Moscow. Bannikov, A. G., Darevsky, I. S., Ishchenko, V. G., Rustamov, A. K., and Szczerbak, N. N. (1977). Opredelitel Zemnovodnykh i Presmykayushchikhsya Fauny SSSR [Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR Fauna]. Prosveshchenie, Moscow. Baran, I. and Atatür, M.K. 1998. Turkish Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles). Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment, Ankara. Basoglu, M. and Ozeti, N. (1973). Turkiye Amphibileri. Ege Univ, Bornova-Izmir. Bons, J. and Geniez, P. 1996. Amphibiens et reptiles du Maroc (Sahara Occidental compris) Atlas Biogéographique. Asociación Herpetológica Española, Barcelona, Spain. Carrier, J.A. and Beebee, T.J.C. 2003. Recent, substantial, and unexplained declines of the common toad Bufo bufo in lowland England. Biological Conservation 111(3): 395-399. Clemons, J. 1999. Changes in a Common Toad population over ten years. FrogLog 35: 1. Cooke, A.S. 1972. Indications of recent changes in status in British Isles of frog (Rana temporaria) and toad (Bufo bufo). Journal of Zoology 167: 161. Cooke, A.S. and Oldham, R.S. 1995. Establishment of populations of the common frog, Rana temporaria, and common toad, Bufo bufo, in a newly created reserve following translocation. Herpetological Journal 5: 173-180. De Lange, L. 1973. A contribution to the intraspecific systematics of Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) (Amphibia). Beaufortia 21(280): 99-116. Dely, G. 1967. Kétélt'ek-Amphibia: Magyarország Állatvilága, Faunae Hungariae. Ákadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Demirsoy, A. 1996. Tükiye Omurgalilari, Sürüngenler. Meteksen, Ankara. Denton, J.S. and Beebee, T.J.C. 1993. Summer and Winter Refugia of Natterjacks (Bufo calamita) and Common Toads (Bufo bufo) in Britain. Herpetological Journal 3(3): 90-94. Fernández-Cardenete, J.R., Luzón-Ortega, J.M., Pérez-Contreras, J., and Tierno de Figueroa, M. 2000. Revisión de la distribución y conservación de los anfibios y reptiles en la provincia de Granada. Zoologica baetica 11: 77-104. Fog, K. 1995. Amphibian conservation in Denmark. FrogLog 13: 1-2. Garanin, V.I. 2000. The distribution of amphibians in the Volga-Kama region. Advances in Amphibian Research in the former Soviet Union 5: 79-132. García-París, M. and Martín, C. 1987. Amphibians of the Sierra del Guadarrama (1,800'2,430 m altitude). In: J.J. van Gelder, H. Strijbosch & P.J. Bergers (eds), Proceedings. 4th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica, pp. 135-138. Gasc, J. P. , Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher,K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martinez Rica, J. P.,Maurin, H., Oliveira, M. E., Sofianidou, T. S., Vaith, M., and Zuiderwijk, A. (1997). Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Geniez, P., Geniez, M., Boissinot, S., Beaubrum, P.C. and Bons, J. 1991. Nouvelles observations sur l'herpetofaune marocaine, 2. Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 59: 19-27. Godinho, R., Teixeira, J., Rebelo, R., Segurado, P., Loureiro, A., Álvares, F., Gomes, N., Cardoso, P., Camilo-Alves, C. and Brito, J.C. 1999. Atlas of the continental Portuguese herpetofauna: an assemblage of published and new data. Revista Española de Herpetología 13: 61-81. González de la Vega, J.P. 1998. Anfibios y Reptiles de la Provincia de Huelva. Ed. Ertisa, Huelva. Grossenbacher, K. 1994. Rote Liste der gefährdeten Amphibien der Schweiz. In: BUWAL (ed.), Rote Liste der gefährdeten Tierarten in der Schweiz, pp. 33-34. BUWAL (Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft), Bern. Hraoui-Bloquet, S., Sadek, R. and Geze, R. 2001. Les Amphibiens du Liban: inventaire, répartition géographique et altitudinale. Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. 99: 19-28. Joly, P. 1992. The amphibian fauna of the French Upper-Rhône floodplain. The Lavours marsh and Jons sector. Alytes 10(4): 117-129. Kalezic, M. and Dzukic, G. 2001. Amphibian status in Serbia and Montenegro (FR Yugoslavia). FrogLog 45: ? Kovács, T. 2002. Monitoring of amphibians and reptiles along the Drava River. FrogLog 52: ? Kovács, T. and Papp, M. 2002. Breeding pond survey in Hungary: and example of sucessful cooperation. FrogLog 50: ? Kutenkov, A.P. and Guruleva, E.L. 1988. To the ecology of Bufo bufo in the southern Karelia. In: Fauna i Ekologiya Nazemnykh Pozvonochnykh, pp. 5-15. Petrozavodsk. Kuzmin, S.L. 1995. Die Amphibien Russlands und Angrenzender Gebiete. Westarp ' Spektrum, Magdeburg - Heidelberg. Kuzmin, S.L. 1996. Threatened amphibians in the former Soviet Union: the current situation and the main threats. Oryx 30: 24-30. Kuzmin, S.L. 1999. The Amphibians of the Former Soviet Union. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow. Kuzmin, S.L. Dodd Jr, C.K. and Pikulik, M.M. (eds) 1995. Amphibian Populations in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Current Status and Declines. Pensoft, Moscow. Lizana, M. and Marco, A. 2001. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the decline of amphibian populations in Central Spain. FrogLog 44: 1-2. Lizana, M. and Pedraza, E.M. 1998. The effects of UV-B radiation on toad mortality in mountainous areas of Central Spain. Conservation Biology 12: 703-707. Lizana, M., Pérez-Mellado, V. and Ciudad, M.J. 1990. Analysis of the structure of an amphibian community in the Central System of Spain. Herpetological Journal 1: 435-446. Luscher, B., Grossenbacher, K. and Scholl, A. 2001. Genetic differentiation of the common toad (Bufo bufo) in the Swiss Alps. Amphibia-Reptilia 22(2): 141-154. Malkmus, R. 2004. Amphibians and reptiles of Portugal, Madeira and the Azores-Archipelago. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggel, Germany. Martínez-Solano, I., Bosch, J. and García-París, M. 2003. Demographic trends and community stability in a montane amphibian assemblage. Conservation Biology 17(1): 238-244. Mateo, J.A., Plegezuelos, J.M., Fahd, S., Geniez, P. and Martínez-Medina, F.J. 2003. Los Anfibios, los Reptiles y el Estrecho de Gibralter. Un ensayo sobre la Herpetofauna de Ceuta y su entorno. Instituto de Estudios Ceuties, Ceuta. Mellado, J. and Mateo, J.A. 1992. New records of Moroccan Herpetofauna. Herpetological Journal 2(2): 58-61. Nikolsky, A. M (1906). Herpetologia Rossica. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. de St. Petersbourg, Ser. 8, Phys.-Math, Vol. 17, Sofia, Moscow. Nikolsky, A. M (1936). Fauna of Russia and Adjacent Countries: Amphibians (English translation of Nikolsky, 1918, Faune de la Russie et des Pays limitrophes. Amphibiens. Académie Russe des Sciences, Petrograd, USSR). Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. Nöllert, A. and Nöllert, C. (1992). Die Amphibien Europas. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH and Company, Stuttgart. Özeti, N. and Yilmaz, I. 1994. Türkiye amphibileri. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi 151: 221. Pasteur, G. and Bons, J. 1959. Les Batraciens du Maroc. Trav. Inst. Scient. Chérifien, Rabat, Ser. Zool. 17(14): 1-241. Pedraza, E.M. and Lizana, M. 1997. Toad Embryo Mortality: Abstract. FrogLog 21: 3. Pleguezuelos, J.M. 1997. Distribucion y Biogeografia de los Anfibios y Reptiles en España y Portugal. Asociacion Herpetologica Española, Las Palmas de Gran Canarias. Pleguezuelos, J.M., Márquez, R. and Lizana, M. 2002. Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Anfibios y Reptiles de España. Dirección General de la Conservación de la naturaleza-Associación Herpetológica Española, Madrid. Puky, M. 2000. A kétéltûek védelme Magyarországon (Conservation of amphibians in Hungary). In: S. Faragó (ed.), Gerinces állatfajok védelme (Conservation of vertebrate species), pp. 143-158. Nyugat-Magyarországi Egyetem Erdõmérnöki Kar, Sopron. Puky, M. 2001. Herpetological methods: I. On the use of the road transect method in surveying amphibians with examples from different zoogeographical regions of Hungary. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest 33: 75-81. Puky, M. 2003. Amphibian mitigation measures in Central-Europe. In: L.C. Irwin, P. Garrett and K.P. McDermott (eds), Proceedings of the International Conference on Ecology and Transportation, 26-31 August, 2003, Lake Placid, New York, USA, pp. 413-429. Center for Transportation and the Environment, North Carolina State University, USA. Puky, M. 2003. Az újraárasztott Nyirkai Hany - Keleti Mórrétek (Hanság) herpetofaunája (Occurrence of amphibians and reptiles in the Nyirkai Hany Keleti Mórrétek wetland restoration area, Hanság, Hungary in the first year following inundation). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 27: 341-347. Puky, M. and Vogel, Z. 2000. Amphibian road kill survey in Balaton - Uplands National Park and recommendations to mitigation measures. Infra Eco network Europe (IENE) Project Report. Puky, M. et al. 2003. Preliminary Herpetological Atlas of Hungary. Varangy Akciócsoport Egyesület, Budapest. Reques, R. 2000. Anfibios. Ecología y Conservación. Diputación de Córdoba, Córdoba. Ryzhikov, K. M., Sharpilo, V. P. and Shevchenko, N. N. (1980). Gelminty Amfibii Fauny SSSR [Helminths of Amphibians of the USSR Fauna]. Nauka, Moscow. Salvador, A. 1996. Amphibians of northwest Africa. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 109: 1-43. Schleich, H.H., Kästle, W. and Kabisch, K. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein. Smit, G. 1998. DAPTF-Netherlands Report. FrogLog 28: 3. Szczerbak, N. N. and Szczerban, M. I. (1980). Zemnovodnye i Presmykayushchiesya Ukrainskikh Karpat [Amphibians and Reptiles of Ukrainian Carpathians]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. Terentjev, P. V. and Chernov, S. A (1965). Key to Amphibians and Reptiles of USSR (translated from Russian). Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. Vogrin, N. 1997. The Status of Amphibians in Slovenia. FrogLog 20: 1-2. Yilmaz, I. and Kumlutas, Y. 1995. Turkiyede ya'ayan Bufo bufo (Linnaeus) 1758 nun Da'ili'i ve Taksonomik Durumu Hakkinda Bir 'nceleme. Turkish Journal of Zoology 19: 277-284. |
|||||||
|
|
|