Il rospo smeraldino, Pseudepidalea viridis (Laurenti, 1768)

Nomi comuni esteri - Spagnolo - Sapo verde. Catalano - Gripau verd. Francese - Crapaud vert. Inglese - Green Toad. Tedesco - Wechselkröte. Svezia - Grönfläckig padda. Norvegia - Grønnflekket padde. Finlandia - Viherkonna. Danimarca - Grønbroget tudse. Olanda - groene pad. Grecia - Πρασινόφρυνος, Ζάμπα, Πράσινος Φρύνος. Croazia - Zelena krastača. Serbia - Zelena krastava žaba, Zelena krastača. Slovenia - Zelena krastača. Macedonia (FYROM) - Зелена крастава жаба. Polonia - Ropucha zielona. Ungheria - Zöld varangy. Repubblica Ceca - Ropucha zelená. Slovacchia - Ropucha zelena. Albania - Thithëlopa e gjelbër. Romania - Broasca raioasa verde. Turchia - Gece kurbağası. Bulgaria - Зелена крастава жаба.

Classificazione - Regno: Animalia. Sottoregno: Eumetazoa. Phylum: Chordata. Subphylum: Vertebrata. Superclasse: Gnathostomata. Classe: Amphibia. Sottoclasse: Lissamphibia. Ordine: Anura. Sottordine: Procoela. Famiglia: Bufonidae. Genere: Bufo.

Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 27. Materiale tipo: include il rospo raffigurato in pl. 1, fig. 1 della pubblicazione originale. Località tipo: "inter fissuras, seu cavernas murorum obscuras Viennae", Austria.
Rana sitibunda Pallas, 1771, Reise Vers. Prov. Russ. Reich, 1: 458. Materiale tipo: non specificato, collocazione sconosciuta, probabilmente disperso. Località tipo: "In desertis siccis ad Iaicum" (= nel deserto ascitto a Jaico [= Yaik], Russia); ristretta da Mertens & Wermuth, 1960, Amph. Rept. Europas: 48, a "Vorposten Tschanganskoi, Jaikische Steppen" ["avamposto Tschanganskoi, speppe di Yaik (= Ural)"]. Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 251, da come località tipo "colonia Chaganskoi, fiume Ural (Yaik), monti Urali meridionali, Russia". Sinonimo di Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, 16mo ed., 2: 353; Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, Quarto ed., 1: 586; Daudin, 1803 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 156; (con Rana variabilis) per Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 180, & Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 88; & Eichwald, 1842, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 7: 159; con Bufo viridis secondo Duméril & Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 682; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 58; Stöck, Günther, & Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 259, hanno discusso la rilevanza di questo nome nei taxa asiatici dei sottogruppi di Bufo viridis.
Buffo viridis Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, 16mo ed., 2: 353, 460. Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, Quarto ed., 1: Tavola successiva a p. 618. Respinto come lavoro non binomiale dall'Opinione 2104, Anonymous, 2005, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 62: 55.
Buffo viridi-radiatus Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, 16mo ed., 2: 355, 460. Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, Quarto ed., 1: Tavola successiva a p. 618, con descrizione a p. 588. Sostituzione di nome per Bufo schreberianus Laurenti, 1768. Respinto come lavoro non binomiale dall'Opinion 2104, Anonymous, 2005, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 62: 55. Sinonimo di Bonaparte, 1835, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2(Fasc. 14): non numerato; Fatio, 1872, Fauna Vert. Suisse, 3: 411.
Rana viridis Lindaker, 1791, Neuere Abh. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., 1: 111.
Bufo viridis Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 200.
Bufo sitibundus Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 225.
Bufo cursor Daudin, 1803 (An. XI), Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 164. Materiale tipo: inlude lo specimen raffigurato da Lepekhin, 1774, Tagebuch Reise Verschiedene Provinz. Russ. Reiches, 1: 318, pl. xxii, fig. 6; reprinted by Stöck, Günther, & Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 261. Località tipo: "les steppes du Pérémiot près de l'Iaïk", Russia, precisamente presso Guryev (47° 07´N; 41° 56´ E); "near colonia Peremetnoe, Provincia di Uralsk, Kazakhstan" secondo Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 251. in sinonimia con Bufo calamita di Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 141; Boulenger, 1881 "1880", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880: 547; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 294, anche se l'area di distribuzione di Bufo calamita non raggiunge la località tipoocalità tipo; vedere Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 480. Considerato nomen dubium, sembra strettamente correlato a Bufo viridis di Stöck, Günther, & Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 260-261.
Rana picta Pallas, 1814 "1831", Zoograph. Rosso-Asiat. Sist. Omn. Animal.: 9. Materiale tipo: non riportato. Località tipo: Catharinoslaw [adesso = Dnepropetrovsk], Ucraina. Sinonimo di Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 138 (sotto Bufo variabilis). In sinonimia con Bufo viridis di Nikolskii, 1918, Fauna Rossii, Zemnovodnye: 99. Considerata sinonimia provvisoria di Dürigen, 1897, Deutschl. Amph. Rept.: 494, vedere discussione di Kuzmin, 1996, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 1: 49.
Bufo schreberi Oken, 1816, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3(2): 208. Compitazione susseguente errata. Nome non disponibile secondo l'Opinione 417 (Anonymous, 1956, Opin. Declar. Internatl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 14: 1-42).
Bufo roseus Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 183. Materiale tipo: basato sul rospo descritto da "Meyer, Thiere m. Skel., I. S. 35. t. 53". Località tipo: "Germaniae aquis". Sinonimo di Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 138 (sotto Bufo variabilis).
Bufo variabilis Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 180. Leunis, 1844, Synops. Drei Naturr., Zool., Ed. 1: 147.
Bufo variabilis var. sitibunda Eichwald, 1831, Zool. Special.: 167.
Bufo variabilis var. crucigera Eichwald, 1831, Zool. Special.: 167. Materiale tipo: non riportato. Località tipo: "in plateis Astrachani oppidi vespere circumsaltitans"; dato come "città di Astrakhan, Russia", da Kuzmin & Maslova, 2003, Adv. Amph. Res. Former Soviet Union, 8: 255. Sinonimo di Schreiber, 1875, Herpetol. Eur.: 138 (sotto Bufo variabilis); Camerano, 1884 "1883", Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 35: 233.
Bufo pictus Dvigubsky, 1832, Opyt Estestvennoi Istorii Gady: 35.
Bufo longipes Bonaparte, 1840, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 2: 449. Materiale tipo: non riportato. Località tipo: "Dalmazia". Nome creato in sinonimia di Bufo viridis ed in alternativa possibile varietà di Bufo viridis, con nome attribuito a Fitzinger, presumibilmente sulla base di un'etichetta di un vaso o nome manoscritto. Sinonimo di Boulenger, 1898, Tailless Batr. Eur., 2: 228.
Bufo persicus Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool.: 40. Nome creato in sinonimia di Bufo viridis ed attribuito a Fitzinger. Presumibilmente sulla base di alcuni specimen di Pseudepidalea variabilis (DRF).
Bufo viridis var. lineata Ninni, 1879, Atti Ist. R. Venet. Sci. Lett., Ser. 5, 5: 973. Sintipi: "collezione zoologica del civico Museo di Venezia" (= MVEN). Località tipo: "vicino a Venezia", Italia.
Bufo viridis var. crucigera Camerano, 1884 "1883", Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 35: 233.
Bufo viridis var. concolor Camerano, 1884 "1883", Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 35: 234. Materiale tipo: MZUT. Località tipo: "Piemonte", Italia.
Bufo viridis viridis Mertens, 1926, Senckenb. Biol., 8: 258.
Bufo viridis var. raseus Pavlov, 1933, Publ. Mus. Hoang Ho Pai Ho, Tien-Tsin, 23: 6. Probabilmente compitazione susseguente errata di Bufo roseus, ma anche ascritto erroneamente a "Camerans" (simile a Camerano DRF).
Pseudepidalea viridis Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, & Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.

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