Lo spratto del mar Nero, Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840)

Nomi comuni esteri - Inglese - Black Sea Sprat. Spagnolo - Espadín del Mar Negro. Francese - Clupéonelle. Polacco - Kilka zwyczajna, Tiulka. Russo - kilka. Portoghese - Espadilha do Mar Negro. Rumeno - Gingirica. Yugoslavo - Killjka. Ukraina - Tyulka. Bulgaro - Tzatza.

Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840). Voyage Russie Mérid. 522. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN valida.

Clupea cultriventris Nordmann, 1840. Observations sur la fauna pontique. In: A. de Démidoff. Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée. Vol. III. Paris. Voyage Russie Mérid. 353-635; 522. Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di "Clupeonella delicatula" (Nordmann 1840), per Berg 1948:165. Nomenclatura valida come "Clupeonella cultriventris" (Nordmann 1840), secondo Svetovidov 1973:101, Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:274, Whitehead 1985:52, Hoestlandt 1991:53, Heckman 1991:71, Coad 1995:8, Kottelat 1997:41, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:728, Dorofeeva 1998:29, Coad 1998:102, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43, Bilecenoglu et al. 2002:36, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:37, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:164. Catalogo: Bertin 1940:282-283, Whitehead & Bauchot 1985:10-11. Località tipo: coste del Ponto Eusino, mar Nero. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: MNHN 3681 (3) Odessa, mar Nero.

Clupeonella delicatula cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840). Voyage Russie Mérid. 522. Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Clupeonella cultiventris (Nordmann, 1840). Voyage Russie Mérid. 522. Status: errore di ortografia, nomenclatura non valida.

Clupea delicatula Nordmann, 1840. Voyage Russie Mérid. 524. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Nomenclatura oggettivamente non valida; occupata in precedenza da "Clupea delicatula" Bennett 1831. Opinioni - nomenclatura erroneamente considerata valida, secondo Berg 1948:161: Sinonimo di "Clupeonella cultriventris" (Nordmann 1840), secondo Svetovidov 1973:101, Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:274, Whitehead 1985:52, Hoestlandt 1991:53, Heckman 1991:71, Coad 1995:8, Kottelat 1997:41, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:728, Dorofeeva 1998:29, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43, Bilecenoglu et al. 2002:36, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:37. Lectotipo designato da Svetovidov 1952. Località tipo: mar Nero [ = Odessa, Ucraina]. Tipo: ZIN 2254. Paralectotipi: ZIN 2254 (5 of 6).

Clupeonella delicatula (Nordmann, 1840). Voyage Russie Mérid. 524. Sinonimo junior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Clupeonella delicatula azovi Vladimirov, 1950. On the systematic position of the Azov and Black Sea "Clupeonella delicatula" (Nordmann). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 125-128; v. 70 (n° 1) 126.  Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di "Clupeonella cultriventris" (Nordmann 1840), secondo Svetovidov 1973:101, Heckman 1991:71, Kottelat 1997:41. Località tipo: mare d'Azov a Berdyansk, Ucraina. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: (molti) attuale collocazione ignota.

Note sulla sistematica - Dai dati disponibili sulle popolazioni di Clupeonella del mar nero e del Caspio, emerge una forte probabilità che esse siano morfologicamente e geneticamente distinte, inoltre hanno aree di distribuzione discrete e disgiunte. Sebbene siano difficili da attribuire, i dati elettroforetici sembrano suggerire che le due sottospecie non siano strettamente correlate. Stante la situazione confusa, l'unico dato fermo è che le due sottospecie sono morfologicamente distinte e popolano zone diverse, e non è evidente che esse siano collegate tra loro più di quanto non lo siano con altre specie del genere. La divisione in due sottospecie appare fuorviante e sembrerebbe più logico considerare i due gruppi come specie separate. La "morpha" tscharchalensis del bacino del Volga, inoltre è distinta da C. caspia morfologicamente, per habitat e distribuzione e, considerando i dati disponibili, sembra che debba essere considerata come buona specie.

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