L'abramide, Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)

Note sul nome italiano - Il nome usato in letteratura è abramide. Molti pescatori, secondo la solita esterofilia che caratterizza il popolo italiano, usano il nome brama o breme imitando i pescatori inglesi.

Nomi comuni esteri - Rumeno - Albitura, Platica, Cârjanca, Foaia-plopului. Tedesco - Blei, Brachse, Brachsen, Braßmens, Brachsmen, Brasse,Plietfische, Brassen. Francese - Brème, Brème Carpée, Brème Commune, Grande Brème, Brame, Bramen, Plaquette. Irlandese, Gaelico - Bran. Gallese - Merfog. Olandese - Brasem, Danese - Brasen. Norvegese - Brasme. Svedese - Braxen. Inglese - Bream, Freshwater Bream, Carp Bream, Bronze Bream, Danube Bream. Portoghese - Brema. Turco - Capak Baligi, Tahta baligi. Cecoslovacco - Pleskac Vysoky, Cejn velky. Ungherese - Dévér keszeg. Serbo - Deverika. Finnico - Lahna. Russo - Leshtsch, Lesch Obyknovennyi. Greco - Lestia. Polacco Leszcz, Leszcz Aralsko-kaspijski, Leszcz Poludniowoeuropejski. Ukraino - Ljashch. Bulgaro - Platika. Sloveno - Ploscic.

Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 326. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN valida.

Cyprinus brama Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824. Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Nomenclatura valida come Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1949:768, Coad 1981:8, Coad 1995:9, Chereshnev 1996:599, Coad 1996:84, Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734, Bogutskaya 1998:55, Luo in Chen et al. 1998:95, Tadajewska 1998:144, Briolay et al. 1998:101, Coad 1998:102, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200, Hanel 2003:52, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:75, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166. Catalogo: Wheeler 1958:211. Località tipo: laghi europei. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: BMNH 1853.11.12.147 [collezione Gronovius] (1, pelle).

Abramis melaenus Agassiz, 1835. Description de quelques espèces de cyprins du Lac de Neuchâtel, qui sont encore inconnues aux naturalistes. Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 33-48; v. 1 39. Nomen nudum, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43.

Abramis vetula Heckel, 1836. Über einige neue, oder nicht gehörig unterschiedene Cyprinen, nebst einer systematischen Darstellung der europäischen Gattungen dieser Gruppe. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturges. 219-234; v. 1 (no. 10) 230 Pl. 20 (fig. 6). Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Località tipo: lago Neusiedler, Ungheria e Austria. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: NMW 55259-60 (1, 1), ?91131 (1).

Abramis media Koch, 1840. Animalia Vertebrata. Pp. 1-43. In: Koch, A.Herrich-Schäffer and F, Forster. Fauna Ratisbonensis. In: Naturhistorische Topographic v. Regensburg. Fauna Ratisbonensis i-xvi + 1-478; v. 3 40. Discutibile, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Discutibile sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:43. Località tipo: torrente Naab, Regensburg, Germania.

Abramis argyreus Valenciennes, 1844. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dix-septième. Suite du livre dix-huitième. Cyprinoïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. i-xxiii + 1-497 + 2 pp.; v. 17 45. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Nomenclatura comparsa inizialmente come nomen nudum, non disponibile, in Agassiz 1835:39. Basata su di un disegno inviato da Agassiz; vedere Kottelat 1997:43 per i commenti sul possibile tipo. Località tipo: non citata. Tipo: ?MNHN 1061 (1 of 2).

Abramis microlepidotus Valenciennes, 1844. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 17 43. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Nomenclatura comparsa inizialmente come nomen nudum, non disponibile, in Agassiz 1835:39. Basata su di un disegno inviato da Agassiz; vedere Kottelat 1997:43 per i commenti sul possibile tipo. Località tipo: fiume Danubio.

Abramis vulgaris Mauduyt, 1848. Bull. Ichthyologie de la Vienne, ou tableau méthodique et descriptif des poissons qui vivent habituellement dans les eaux de ce département ou qui y remontent périodiquement et accidentellement. Bull. Soc. Acad. Agr. Sci. Arts. Poitiers 8-49; 30. Sostituzione, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Sostituzione di nome non necessaria per "Cyprinus brama" Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Originale non visionato.

Abramis gehini Blanchard, 1866. Les poissons des eaux douces de la France. Paris. Poissons Eaux Douces France i-xvi + 1-656; 355 Fig. 74. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Catalogo: Bertin & Estève 1948:77. Kottelat 1997:43 sospetta l'esistenza di sintipi originali e considera il lavoro di Bertin & Estève come la presentazione di un olotipo o di un lectotipo. Località tipo: fiume Moselle a Metz, Francia. Tipo: MNHN 3927 (in cattive condizioni).

Abramis brama sinegorensis Lukash, 1925. Fishes of the Lower Vyatka River. Trudy Vyatskogo Nauch.-issl. Inst. Kraev. 5-110; n° 6 67. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Ibrido tra "Blicca bjoerkna" (Linnaeus 1758) x "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1949:767. Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:43. Località tipo: basso corso del fiume Vyatka, Russia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: (2), collocazione attuale ignota.

Abramis brama bergi Grib & Vernidub, 1935. [Systematic and biology of "Abramis brama" L. of the eastern Finnish Gulf.] Uch. Zap. Leningrad. Univ. e.g. 112; n° 1 112. Status: nomenclatura oggettivamente non valida, precedentemente occupata da "Abramis sapa bergi" Belayeff 1930, sostituita da "Abramis brama orientalis" Berg 1949. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "orientalis" Berg 1949, per Sideleva 2003:10; sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162; sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione [nome precedentemente occupato], per Coad 1995:9. Località tipo: mare d'Aral a Muinsak; lago Yaskhan a Uzboi.

Abramis brama orientalis Berg, 1949. Freshw. Fish. Fresh-water fishes of Soviet Union and adjacent countries. II. Freshw. Fish. USSR, Guide Fauna USSR 467-925; n° 29 774 [327]. Sostituzione, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Sostituzione per "Abramis brama bergi" Grib & Vernidub 1935, precedentemente occupata da "Abramis sapa bergi" Belayeff 1930. Opinioni Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, per Berg 1949:774, Coad 1995:9, Zhu 1995:29, Luo in Chen et al. 1998:95, Sideleva 2001:52, Sideleva 2003:10. Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162. Località tipo: mare d'Aral a Muinsak; lago Yaskhan a Uzboi.

Abramis brama danubii Pavlov, 1956. Comparison between the Danubian and Dneprovian bream. Zool. Zh. 891-896; v. 35 894. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162. Originale non visionato. Località tipo: laghi Yalpug e Khitay, Ucraina. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: (2), collocazione attuale ignota.

Note sulla sistematica - La forma del bacino del mar Caspio e del mare d'Aral viene oggi considerata sottospecie.

Fonti bibliografiche principali - Porcellotti, S., 2005. Pesci d'Italia, ittiofauna delle acque dolci. Casa Editrice Plan, Firenze. Pagina 8 - 9.

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