L'abramide, Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)

Specie tipo del genere.

Note sul nome italiano - Il nome usato in letteratura è Abramide. Molti pescatori, secondo la solita esterofilia che caratterizza il popolo italiano, usano il nome Brama o Breme imitando i pescatori inglesi.

Nomi comuni esteri - Rumeno - Albitura, Platica, Cârjanca, Foaia-plopului. Tedesco - Blei, Brachse, Brachsen, Braßmens, Brachsmen, Brasse,Plietfische, Brassen. Francese - Brème, Brème Carpée, Brème Commune, Grande Brème, Brame, Bramen, Plaquette. Irlandese, Gaelico - Bran. Gallese - Merfog. Olandese - Brasem, Danese - Brasen. Norvegese - Brasme. Svedese - Braxen. Inglese - Bream, Freshwater Bream, Carp Bream, Bronze Bream, Danube Bream. Portoghese - Brema. Turco - Capak Baligi, Tahta baligi. Cecoslovacco - Pleskac Vysoky, Cejn velky. Ungherese - Dévér keszeg. Serbo - Deverika. Finnico - Lahna. Russo - Leshtsch, Lesch Obyknovennyi. Greco - Lestia. Polacco Leszcz, Leszcz Aralsko-kaspijski, Leszcz Poludniowoeuropejski. Ukraino - Ljashch. Bulgaro - Platika. Sloveno - Ploscic. 

Cyprinus brama Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 326. Status: nomenclatura originaria, non valida. opinioni: nomenclatura valida come "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1949:768, Coad 1981:8, Coad 1995:9, Chereshnev 1996:599, Coad 1996:84, Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734, Bogutskaya 1998:55, Luo in Chen et al. 1998:95, Tadajewska 1998:144, Briolay et al. 1998:101, Coad 1998:102, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200, Hanel 2003:52, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:75, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166. catalogo: Wheeler 1958:211. Località tipo: laghi europei. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: BMNH 1853.11.12.147 [coll. Gronovius] (1, pelle).

Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 326. Status: nuova nomenclatura, valida.

Abramis melaenus Agassiz, 1835. Description de quelques espèces de cyprins du Lac de Neuchâtel, qui sont encore inconnues aux naturalistes. Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 33-48; v. 1 39. Status: nomen nudum, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: in sinonimia di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43.

Abramis vetula Heckel, 1836. Über einige neue, oder nicht gehörig unterschiedene Cyprinen, nebst einer systematischen Darstellung der europäischen Gattungen dieser Gruppe. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturges. 219-234; v. 1 (no. 10) 230 Pl. 20 (fig. 6). Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Località tipo: lago Neusiedler, Ungheria e Austria. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: NMW 55259-60 (1, 1), ?91131 (1).

Abramis media Koch, 1840. Animalia Vertebrata. Pp. 1-43. In: Koch, A.Herrich-Schäffer and F, Forster. Fauna Ratisbonensis. In: Naturhistorische Topographic v. Regensburg. Fauna Ratisbonensis i-xvi + 1-478; v. 3 40. Status: nomenclatura soggetta a discussione, non valida. Opinioni: discutibile come sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:43. località tipo: torrente Naab, Regensburg, Germania.

Abramis argyreus Valenciennes, 1844. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dix-septième. Suite du livre dix-huitième. Cyprinoïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. i-xxiii + 1-497 + 2 pp.; v. 17 45. Status: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Nomenclatura comparsa inizialmente come nomen nudum, non disponibile, in Agassiz 1835:39. Basata su di un disegno inviato da Agassiz; vedere Kottelat 1997:43 per i commenti sul possibile tipo. Località tipo: non citata. Tipo: ?MNHN 1061 (1 of 2).

Abramis microlepidotus Valenciennes, 1844. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 17 43. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Nomenclatura comparsa inizialmente come nomen nudum, non disponibile, in Agassiz 1835:39. Basata su di un disegno inviato da Agassiz; vedere Kottelat 1997:43 per i commenti sul possibile tipo. Località tipo: fiume Danubio.

Abramis vulgaris Mauduyt, 1848. Bull. Ichthyologie de la Vienne, ou tableau méthodique et descriptif des poissons qui vivent habituellement dans les eaux de ce département ou qui y remontent périodiquement et accidentellement. Bull. Soc. Acad. Agr. Sci. Arts. Poitiers 8-49; 30. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Originale non visionato. Sostituzione di nome non necessaria per "Cyprinus brama" Linnaeus 1758.

Abramis gehini Blanchard, 1866. Les poissons des eaux douces de la France. Paris. Poissons Eaux Douces France i-xvi + 1-656; 355 Fig. 74. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43. Catalogo: Bertin & Estève 1948:77. Kottelat 1997:43 sospetta l'esistenza di sintipi originali e considera il lavoro di Bertin & Estève come la presentazione di un olotipo o di un lectotipo. Località tipo: fiume Moselle a Metz, Francia. Tipo: MNHN 3927 (in cattive condizioni).

Abramis brama sinegorensis Lukash, 1925. Fishes of the Lower Vyatka River. Trudy Vyatskogo Nauch.-issl. Inst. Kraev. 5-110; n° 6 67. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: ibrido tra "Blicca bjoerkna" (Linnaeus 1758) x "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1949:767; sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:43. Località tipo: basso corso del fiume Vyatka, Russia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: (2), collocazione attuale ignota.

Abramis brama bergi Grib & Vernidub, 1935. [Systematic and biology of "Abramis brama" L. of the eastern Finnish Gulf.] Uch. Zap. Leningrad. Univ. e.g. 112; n° 1 112. Status: nomenclatura oggettivamente non valida, precedentemente occupata da "Abramis sapa bergi" Belayeff 1930, sostituita da "Abramis brama orientalis" Berg 1949. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "orientalis" Berg 1949, per Sideleva 2003:10; sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162; sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione [nome precedentemente occupato], per Coad 1995:9. Località tipo: mare d'Aral a Muinsak; lago Yaskhan a Uzboi.

Abramis brama orientalis Berg, 1949. Freshw. Fish. Fresh-water fishes of Soviet Union and adjacent countries. II. Freshw. Fish. USSR, Guide Fauna USSR 467-925; n° 29 774 [327]. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Sostituzione di nomenclatura per "Abramis brama bergi" Grib & Vernidub 1935, precedentemente occupata da "Abramis sapa bergi" Belayeff 1930. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, per Berg 1949:774, Coad 1995:9, Zhu 1995:29, Luo in Chen et al. 1998:95, Sideleva 2001:52, Sideleva 2003:10; sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162. Località tipo: mare d'Aral a Muinsak; lago Yaskhan a Uzboi.

Abramis brama danubii Pavlov, 1956. Comparison between the Danubian and Dneprovian bream. Zool. Zh. 891-896; v. 35 894. Current status: sinonimo di "Abramis brama" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:43, Bogutskaya 1997:162. Originale non visionato. Località tipo: laghi Yalpug e Khitay, Ucraina. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: (2), collocazione attuale ignota.

Note sulla sistematica - La forma propria del bacino del mar Caspio e del mare d'Aral viene oggi considerata come una particolare sottospecie.

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