Il barbo europeo, Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomi dialettali italiani - In Italia si tende a confondere B. barbus con B. plebejus ed a denominare entrambe col nome generico di "barbo".

Nomi comuni esteri - Spagnolo - Barbo común, Barbo de rio. Portoghese - Barbo. Francese - Barbeau fluviatile, Barbel, Barbet, Barbillon, Barbot, Barbu, Drenek. Inglese - Barbel. Tedesco - Bambet, Barbe, Barben, Barbern, Barbine, Barm, Berbe, Berger, Bigge, Borbine, Flußbarbe, Lotusbarbe, Parme, Pigge, Sauchen, Sömer. Olandese - Barbeel. Danese - Barbe, Flodbarbe. Svedese - Flodbarb. Norvegese - Flodbarbe. Finnico - Jokibarbi. Russo - Marena, Usach, Usach obyknovennyi, Usatsch. Polonia - Brzana. Repubblica Ceca - Mrena, Parma obecná, Parma rícní. Slovacchia - Mrena obycajná. Ungheria - Rózsás márna. Romania - Breana, Imbreana, Mreana, Mreană, Mreana alba, Mreana del Dunare, Rechna mriana. Bulgaria - Biala, Byala mryana, Dunavska.

Cyprinus barbus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 320. Status: nomenclatura originaria, non valida. Opinioni: nomenclatura valida come "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1949:687, Lelek 1987:156, Bianco 1995:307, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735, Bogutskaya 1998:87, Bianco 1998:127, Briolay et al. 1998:101, Tsignenopoulos & Berrebi 2000:174, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194, Kotlík et al. 2002:237, Ryabov 2002:794, Banarescu et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:43, Hanel 2003:51, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:46, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:167. Catalogo: Wheeler 1958:212, Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:217-218. L'esemplare di Gronovius nel British Museum è stato proposto come lectotipo putativo da Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:218; questo esemplare è poi stato designato come lectotipo da Kottelat 1997:47. Località tipo: Europa. Tipo: BMNH 1853.11.12.144 (pelle). Paralectotipi: NRM 8052 (1), 8055 (1).

Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 320. Status: nuova nomenclatura, valida.

Barbus barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 320. Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Cyprinus barba Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 320. Status: errore di ortografia, nomenclatura non valida.

Barbus vulgaris Fleming, 1828. A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Edinburgh. Hist. Brit. Animals i-xxiii + 1-565; 185. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. In parte basata su "Cyprinus barbus" Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:47, Banarescu et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:43. Località tipo: fiumi d'Inghilterra. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Barbus communis Perty, 1832. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Fauna Monacensis. Isis (Oken) 712-733; 718. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Non necessaria sostituzione di nome e oggettivo sinonimo di "Cyprinus barbus" Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47, Banarescu et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:43. Originale non visionato. Località tipo: Inghilterra. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Barbus fluviatilis Fitzinger, 1832. Ueber die Ausarbeitung einer Fauna des Erzherzogthumes Oesterreich, nebst einer systematischen Aufzählung der in diesem Lande vorkommenden Säugethiere, Reptilien und Fische.... Beitr. Landesk. Oesterreich. 280-340; v. 1 333. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Non necessaria sostituzione di nome per "Cyprinus barbus" Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47.

Barbus communis Nordmann, 1840. Voyage Russie Mérid. 472. Status: nomenclatura oggettivamente non valida, occupata precedentemente da "Barbus communis" Perty 1832. Non necessaria sostituzione di nome e oggettivo sinonimo di "Cyprinus barbus" Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47.

Barbus mayori Valenciennes, 1842. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome seizième. Livre dix-huitième. Les Cyprinoïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. i-xx + 1-472; v. 16 138 Pl. 461. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47. Catalogo: Bertin & Estève 1948:22, Almaça 1969:1130. Località tipo: lago Zug, Svizzera. Tipo: MNHN 3822.

Barbus microphthalmus Bonaparte, 1846. Catalogo metodico dei pesci europei. Atti. Scienz. Ital. 1-95; 26. Status: nomenclatura non disponibile. Ex Heckel. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47; sinonimo di "Barbus mursa" (Güldenstädt 1773), per Bogutskaya et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:293. Compare come nome in sinonimia di "Barbus fluviatilis". Lo stesso nome è stato in seguito utilizzato da Sauvage 1882, che rende "Barbus microphthalmus" Bonaparte 1846 nome disponibile.

Barbus fluviatilis borysthenicus (non Dybowski, 1862). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Barbus fluviatilis tyrasensis Dybowski, 1862. Ex Kessler. Versuch einer Monographie der Cyprinoiden Livlands, nebst einer synoptischen Aufzählung der europäischen Arten dieser Familie. Arch. Nat. Biol. Dorpat (Ser. 2) 133-362; v. 6 213 (note a piè di pagina). Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47, Banarescu et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:43 come "tyrassensis". Località tipo: fiume Dniester, Ucraina. Tipo: non rinvenuto a ZIN.

Barbus barbus borysthenicus Dybowski, 1862. Ex Kessler. Arch. Nat. Biol. Dorpat (Ser. 2) v. 6 213 (note a piè di pagina). Status: considerata buona specie da molti autori. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47; nomenclatura valida come "Barbus borysthenicus" Dybowski 1862, per Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44, Banarescu et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:43; sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, secondo Berg 1949:689, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735, Bogutskaya 1998:87-88, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:46. Località tipo: fiume Dnieper, Ucraina. Tipo: non rinvenuto a ZIN.

Barbus microphthalmus Sauvage, 1879. Catalogue des poissons recueillis par M. E. Chantre pendant son voyage en Syrie, Haute-Mésopotamie, Kurdistan et Caucase. Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris (Ser. 7) 163-168; v. 6 164. Current status: nomenclatura oggettivamente invalida, occupata precedentemente. Indipendente da "Barbus microphthalmus" Bonaparte 1846. nomenclatura in sinonimia, ma l'uso di Sauvage rende "Barbus microphthalmus" Bonaparte 1846 nome disponibile. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus luteus" (Heckel 1843), secondo Coad 1995:13; sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:47; sinonimo di "Barbus mursa" (Güldenstädt 1773), per Coad 1995:13, Bogutskaya et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:293. Catalogo: Bertin & Estève 1948:29. Località tipo: fiume Kura a Tiflis [Tibilisi], Georgia, Eurasia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: MNHN 1881-1007 (1), 1881-1008 (1), ?A-3923 [ex 1881-1007 and 1008] (2).

Barbus fluviatilis alba Krauss, 1882. Beiträge zur Fauna Württembergs. 1. "Barbus fluviatilis" Ag. var. "alba". Jahresh. Ver. Vaterl. Nat. Württemberg, Stuttgart 346; v. 38 346. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47. Catalogo: Fricke 1995:10. Località tipo: fiume Enz a Lomersheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germania Tipo: SMNS 14332.

Barbus fluviatilis aurata Fatio, 1882. Faune des vertébrés de la Suisse. Vol. 4. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Part I. Faune Verte. Suisse v. 4 i-xiv + 1-786; v. 4 Part 1 249. Status: nomenclatura considerata infrasubspecifica e non disponibile da Kottelat 1997:47, il nome dovrebbe essere disponibile come da descrizione. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47. Località tipo: confluenza dei fiumi Sarine e Aar, Svizzera.

Barbus fluviatilis aurata Veesenmayer, 1884. Beiträge zur Fauna Württembergs. I. "Barbus fluviatilis" var. "aurata". Jahresh. Ver. Vaterl. Nat. Württemberg, Stuttgart 325-326; v. 40 325. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:47. Catalogo: Fricke 1995:10. Località tipo: fiume Danubio a Rottenacker, 5 km a sud sudovest di Ehingen, 48°14'N, 9°41'30"E, Germania. Tipo: SMNS 14331.

Barbus barbus gallicus Karaman, 1971. Süsswasserfische der Türkei. 8. Teil. Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas. Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 175-254; v. 67 194. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, per Lelek 1987:156; sinonimo di "Barbus barbus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:48, Banarescu et al. in Banarescu & Bogutskaya 2003:44. Località tipo: Tolosa, Francia. Tipo: NMW 54112.

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