La bottarice, Lota lota  (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomi dialettali italiani - Lombardia - Bottaro, Botola, Chioppa, Trinscia, Strinza. Veneto - Bose, Bosa, Bottrisa, Bosastra.

Nomi comuni esteri - Francese - Barbotte, Bourbotte, Alote, Asé, Lotte de rivière, Lote, Lotte, Moustelo, Moutelle, Palmo.  Inglese - Burbot, Eelpout, Ellpout, Freshwater cod, Freshwater eel, Lawyer, Ling, Lush, Thin-tailed. Spagnolo - Lota. Portoghese - Lota-do-río, Donzela. Tedesco - Aalpuppe, Aalquappe, Aalraupe, Aalruppe, Aalruppel, Aalrutte, Mooserli, Putaal, Quabbaal, Quabbe, Quappen, Ruffolkh, Ruget, Ruppe, Ruthe, Rutte, Schnecktrüsche, Treische, Trusche, Trüsche, Wolfsquappe. Danimarca - Ferskvandskvabbe, Knude, Kwabaal, Kwabasi. Norvegia - Lake. Svezia - Lake. Finlandia - Made. Federazione Russa - Myn richkovyi, Nalim, Evropeyski nalim, Nalim rechnoi. Polonia - Mietus. Repubblica Ceca - Mník jednovousý, Mien. Repubblica Slovacca - Mien obycajný. Romania - Mântus, Manulet, Mihalt, Mihalţ, Midhai, Mihoarca, Zvârluga. Slovenia - Menek. Magiaro - Menyhal. Bulgaria - Mihaltza. Iran - Mahi Charb, Lot.

Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 255. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN valida.

Gadus lota Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824. Catalogo: Wheeler 1985:37-38, vedere anche Wheeler 1991:164-165. Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Nomenclatura valida come Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Berg 1949:943, Lee et al. 1980:487, Smith 1986:261, Lelek 1987:263, McAllister 1990:118, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:137, Page & Burr 1991:214, Etnier & Starnes 1993:358, Baxter & Stone 1995:206, Cross & Collins 1995:171, Coad 1995:25, Zhu 1995:164, Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:55, Chereshnev 1996:605, Kottelat 1997:157, Kim 1997:369, Nikiforov et al. 1997:330, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747, Bogutskaya 1998:110, Coad 1998:103, Scott & Crossman 1998:641, Fuller et al. 1999:275, Lyons et al. 2000:41, Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:23, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:46, Pietsch et al. 2001:143, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:201, Sideleva 2001:55, Kim & Park 2002:292, Mecklenburg et al. 2002:289, Youn 2002:210, 540, Sideleva 2003:14, Wydoski & Whitney 2003:164, Hanel 2003:60, Alekseyev et al. 2004:54, Nelson et al. 2004:94, Bailey et al. 2004:162, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:170, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:174, Hanel & Lusk 2005:331, Kottelat 2006:58, Ocock et al. 2006:56, Scharpf 2006:36, Fricke 2007:28, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:462, Bogutskaya et al. 2008:348. Località tipo - Laghi d'Europa. Tipo - Nessuno. Esemplari di riferimento - Specimen di Linneo, Linn. Soc. Lond. 37 and 38 (2, metà pelle sinistra).

Enchelyopus lota (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 255. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Molva lota (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 255. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Lota lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 255. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Lota lota asiatica Kirillov, 1972. Fishes of Yakutia. Nauka, Moskva. Fishes of Yakutia.: 1-359. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Kottelat 1997:157. Località tipo - Diverse località in Yakutia, Russia. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto. Sintipi - (molti) ubicazione ignota.

Lota brosmiana Storer, 1842. Descriptions of two new species of fishes. Boston Journal of Natural History v. 4: 58-62, Pl. 5. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53. Secondo me (S. Porcellotti), se la località tipo è esatta e se Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) è specie valida (come sostiene IUCN), si tratta di un sinonimo di Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Località tipo - Lago Winnipissogee, New Hampshire, U.S.A.. Tipo - Olotipo (unico) ubicazione ignota.

Lota communis Rapp, 1854. Die Fische des Bodensees. Jahresh. Ver. Vaterl. Nat. Württemberg, Stuttgart 137-175; v. 10 (n° 2) 172. Originale non visionato. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Kottelat 1997:157.

Gadus compressus Lesueur, 1817. Description of two new species of the genus Gadus. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83-85; v. 1 (pt 1, n° 5) 84. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Smith 1986:263, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53. Secondo me (S. Porcellotti), se la località tipo è esatta e se Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) è specie valida (come sostiene IUCN), si tratta di un sinonimo di Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Località tipo - Fiume Connecticut, U.S.A.

Lota compressa (Lesueur, 1817). Description of two new species of the genus Gadus. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83-85 v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) 84. Sinonimo junior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Lota fluviatilis Perty, 1832. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Fauna Monacensis. Isis (Oken) 712-733; 1832 717. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Nuovo nome non necessario per Gadus lota Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Kottelat 1997:157.

Lota inornata DeKay,1842. Zoology of New-York, or the New-York fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New-York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illustrations. Part IV. Fishes. W. & A. White & J. Visscher, Albany. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Smith 1986:263, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53. Secondo me (S. Porcellotti), se la località tipo è esatta e se Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) è specie valida (come sostiene IUCN), si tratta di un sinonimo di Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Località tipo - Fiume Hudson a Lansingburgh, New York, U.S.A. Tipo - Cabinet of the Albany Inst. (ubicazione ignota).

Lota lota kamensis Markun, 936. On the Burbot (Lota lota) of the river Kama. Bull. Inst. Rech. Biol. Perm. 211-237; v. 10 (pt 6) 214. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Berg 1949:943, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Kottelat 1997:157, Bogutskaya 1998:110. Località tipo - Fiume Kama a Okhansk, Russia. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Gadus lacustris Walbaum, 1792. Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Grypeswaldiae. Artedi Piscium [i-viii] + 1-723; Pt. 3 144. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Smith 1986:262, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Baxter & Stone 1995:207, Scott & Crossman 1998:645. Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie, vedere McAllister 1990:119. Secondo me (S. Porcellotti), se la località tipo è esatta e se Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) è specie valida (come sostiene IUCN), si tratta di un sinonimo di Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Località tipo - Baia di Hudson, Canada. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Lota lota lacustris Walbaum, 1792. Artedi Piscium Pt. 3 144. Sinonimo junior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Lota lota leptura Hubbs & Schultz, 1941. Contribution to the ichthyology of Alaska, with descriptions of two new fishes. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 1-31; n° 431 17. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Berg 1949:948, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Kottelat 1997:157, Scott & Crossman 1998:628, Sideleva 2001:55, Sideleva 2003:14. Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, vedere Chereshnev 1996:605, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747, Bogutskaya 1998:111, Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:23, Chereshnev et al. 2001:109, Fedorov et al. 2003:54, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:171. Secondo me (S. Porcellotti), se la località tipo è esatta e se Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) è specie valida (come sostiene IUCN), si tratta di un sinonimo di Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Località tipo - Kotlik, vicino alle bocche del fiume Yukon, Norton Sound, Alaska, U.S.A. Tipo - USNM 29916. Paratipi - USNM 76847-48 (134, 69). Ulteriore materiale - USNM, non specificati come esemplari tipo, ed anche UMML 126329-31 (1, 1, 5).

Lota linnei Malm, 1877. Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna, Ryggradsdjuren. Göteborg. Göteborgs Bohusläns Fauna 1-674; 491. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Nuovo nome non necessario per Gadus lota Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni- Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Kottelat 1997:157. Località tipo - Svezia.

Gadus maculosus Lesueur, 1817. Description of two new species of the genus Gadus. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83-85; v. 1 (pt 1, n° 5) 83. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie, vedere Lelek 1987:263, Chereshnev 1996:605. Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Smith 1986:262, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Baxter & Stone 1995:207, Bogutskaya 1998:110, Scott & Crossman 1998:645, Mecklenburg et al. 2002:289. Nomenclatura valida come Lota maculosa Lesueur 1817, vedere Kottelat 2006:59, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:462. Località tipo - Lago Erie, Nord America. Tipo - Ubicazione ignota.

Lota lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Description of two new species of the genus Gadus. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83-85; v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) 83. Sinonimo junior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Description of two new species of the genus Gadus. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83-85; v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) 83. Sinonimo junior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Molva maculosa (Lesueur, 1817). Description of two new species of the genus Gadus. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 83-85; v. 1 (pt 1, no. 5) 83. Sinonimo junior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Lota marmorata Koch, 1840. Animalia Vertebrata. Pp. 1-43. In Koch, Herrich-Schäffer & Forster. Fauna Ratisbonensis. In: Naturhistorische Topographic v. Regensburg. Fauna Ratisbonensis i-xvi + 1-478; v. 3 42. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Nuovo nome non necessario per Gadus lota Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni- Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Kottelat 1997:157.

Lota vulgaris var. obensis Anikin, 1902. Review of a research trip to Narymskij District in the year 1900. (Otuet' o komandirovké b' narymskij kraj létom' 1900 goda.). Izvestiya Tomskogo Imperatorslago Universiteta v. 22: 1-121. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Berg 1949:943, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Kottelat 2006:59. Località tipo - fiume Ob. Tipo - Olotipo (unico): ZMTU non catalogato.

Lota lota infra. onegensis Melyantsev, 1948. Burbot of the Lake New Vygozero. Uchenye Zapiski Karelo-Finskogo Universiteta v. 2 (n° 3) (1947): 90-106. Nome infrasubspecifico non disponibile, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Berg 1949:944, Kottelat 1997:157.

Lota lota kamensis Markun, 936. On the Burbot ("Lota lota") of the river Kama. Bull. Inst. Rech. Biol. Perm. 211-237; v. 10 (pt 6) 214. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Lota lota" (Linnaeus 1758) per Berg 1949:943, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:53, Kottelat 1997:157, Bogutskaya 1998:110. Località tipo: fiume Kama a Okhansk, Russia. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Lota vulgaris Fitzinger, 1832. Ueber die Ausarbeitung einer Fauna des Erzherzogthumes Oesterreich, nebst einer systematischen Aufzählung der in diesem Lande vorkommenden Säugethiere, Reptilien und Fische.... Beitr. Landesk. Oesterreich. 280-340; v. 1 331. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Nuovo nome non necessario per Gadus lota Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni- Sinonimo di Lota lota (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Berg 1949:943, Kottelat 1997:157, Bogutskaya 1998:110.

Fonti bibliografiche principali - Kottelat M. and J. Freyhof 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyof, Berlin, Germany. Pagina 462 - 463.

Bibliografia - American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists 1984. Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California.

Andriyashev, A.P. & N.V. Chernova 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters.

Anonymous 1996 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum.

Anonymous 1997. Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa.

Anonymous 1999 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)).

Anonymous 1999. Systematic list of Estonian fishes.

Anonymous 2000. Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH).

Anonymous 2000. Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Anonymous 2000. Systematisk liste over norske fisk registert pr. 1997.

Anonymous 2000. The ichthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH).

Anonymous 2001. Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution).

Anonymous 2001. Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen.

Anonymous 2002. Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History.

Anonymous 2002. Fish collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum.

Anonymous 2003. Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum.

Baensch, H.A. & R. Riehl 1991. Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3.

Bailey, M.M. 1972 Age, growth, reproduction, and food of the burbot, Lota lota (Linnaeus) in southwestern Lake Superior.

Banarescu, P. 1964. Pisces - Osteichthyes (pesti ganoizi si osisi).

Baruš, V. & O. Oliva (ed.) 1995. Mihulovci a ryby. Fauna R a SR. (Cyclostomata and fishes. Fauna of Czech Republic and Slovakia).

Bianco, P.G. & V. Ketmaier 2001. Anthropogenic changes in the freshwater fish fauna of Italy, with reference to the central region and Barbus graellsii, a newly established alien species of Iberian origin.

Bjorn, E.E. 1940. Preliminary observations and experimental study of the ling, Lota maculosa (LeSueur), in Wyoming.

Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu & J.-C. Hureau 1971. European inland water fish. A multilingual catalogue.

Blazek, V., J. Celadín & M. Betákova 2004. Old Prussian fish-names.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 1996. Cyclostomata and fishes of Khanka Lake drainage area (Amur river basin). An annotated check-list with comments on taxonomy and zoogeography of the region.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Amur River Drainage Area in Russia.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Baikal Lake.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Don River Drainage Area.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Kuban River Drainage Area.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Sakhalin Island.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Volga River Drainage Area.

Bogutskaya, N.G. 2002. Common names of Russian freshwater fishes.

Bogutskaya, N.G. 2005. Compilation of 70 ecoregion in Russia with about 700 species.

Brzezinski, M, J. Romanowski, L. Kopczynski & E. Kurowicka 2006 Habitat and seasonal variations in diet of otters, Lutra lutra in eastern Poland.

Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung 2003. Verzeichnis der Handelsbezeichnungen für Erzeugnisse der Fischerei und der Aquakultur.

Cahn, A.R. 1936. Observations on the breeding of the lawyer, Lota maculosa.

Carl, G.C., W.A. Clemens & C.C. Lindsey 1959. The freshwater fishes of British Columbia (3rd revision).

Chen, L.-C. 1969. The biology and taxonomy of the burbot, Lota lota leptura, in interior Alaska.

Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2003. Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database.

Clemens, H.P. 1951. The growth of the burbot Lota lota maculosa (LeSueur) in Lake Erie.

Coad, B.W. & J.D. Reist 2004. Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada.

Coad, B.W. 2003. Freshwater fishes of Iran: checklists of Farsi names.

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto & N. Scialabba 1990. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date.

Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt & C.K. Minns 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes.

Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba & K.E. Carpenter 1994. SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual.

Craig, P.C. 1984. Fish use of coastal waters of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: a review.

Dulmaa, A. 1999. Fish and fisheries in Mongolia.

Dunbar, M.J. & H.H. Hildebrand 1952. Contribution to the study of fishes of Ungava Bay.

Dymond, J.R. 1947. A list of the freshwater fishes of Canada east of the Rocky Mountains, with keys.

Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.) 2006. Catalog of fishes.

Etnier, D.A. & W.C. Starnes 1993. The fishes of Tennessee.

Evermann, B.W. & E.L. Goldsborough 1907. The fishes of Alaska.

FAO 1992. FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings, volume 74.

FAO-FIES 2008. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list.

FAO-FIES 2010. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list.

Fish, M.P. 1932. Contributions to the early life histories of sixty-two species of fishes from Lake Erie and its tributary waters.

Fisheries Branch 1994. Freshwater Fishing Regulations Synopsis, 1994-1996.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992. FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings.

Forster, J.R. 1773. An account of some curious fishes, sent from Hudson Bay.

Fratt, T.W., D.W. Coble, F. Copes & R.E. Bruesewitz 1997. Diet of burbot in Green Bay and Western Lake Michigan with comparison to other waters.

Frier, J.-O. 1994. Danmark. Danske ferskvandsfisk og deres udbredelsesområde.

Gerstmeier, R. & T. Romig 1998. Die Süßwasserfische Europas: für Naturfreunde und Angler.

Günther, A. 1853. Die Fische des Neckars.

Hanel, L. 2003. Komentovaný prehled mihulí a ryb ceské republiky.

Hanel, L. 2003. The ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: development and present state.

Hartmann, G.L. 1827. Helvetische Ichthyologie, oder ausführliche Naturgeschichte der in der Schweiz sich vorfindenden Fische.

Hesselio, M.P. 1675. Hertzfliessende Betrachtungen von dem Elbe-Strom.

Hewson, L.C. 1955. Age, maturity, spawning and food of burbot, Lota lota, in Lake Winnipeg.

Hinks, D. 1943. The fishes of Manitoba.

Horne, M.T. & A.C. Barnes 1999. Enteric redmouth disease (Yersinia ruckeri).

Hughes, G.M. & M. Morgan 1973. The structure of fish gills in relation to their respiratory function.

Hureau, J.-C. 1991. La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum.

Iacob, L. & I. Dima 2006. Regnul Animalia.

IGFA 2001. Database of IGFA angling records until 2001.

Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai Natural Museum and Ministry of Agriculture of China 1993. The freshwater fishes of China in coloured illustrations. Vol. 3.

International Game Fish Association 1991. World record game fishes.

Jordan, D.S. & B.W. Evermann 1898. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the isthmus of Panama. Part III.

Keith, P. & J. Allardi (coord.) 2001. Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France.

Keith, P. & J. Allardi 1996. Endangered freshwater fish: the situation in France.

Keith, P., J. Allardi & B. Moutou 1992. Livre rouge des espèces menacées de poissons d'eau douce de France et bilan des introductions.

Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim & J.H. Kim 2005. Illustrated book of Korean fishes.

Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche & H. Greven 1995. Database of fish chromosomes.

Klinkhardt, M.B. 1994. The karyotypic divergence between species of Gadidae (Pisces, Gadiformes).

Koli, L. 1990. Suomen kalat.

Kottelat, M. & J. Freyhof 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes.

Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes.

Kottelat, M. 2006. Fishes of Mongolia. A check-list of the fishes known to occur in Mongolia with comments on systematics and nomenclature.

Kullander, S.O. 1999. Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes.

Lawler, G.H. 1963. The biology and taxonomy of the burbot, Lota lota in Heming Lake, Manitoba.

Lesueur, C.A. 1817. Description of two new species of the genus Gadus.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.

Lusk, S. & L. Hanel 2000. The Red List of lampreys and fishes in the Czech Republic - Version 2000.

Lusk, S., L. Hanel & V. Lusková 2004. Red List of the ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: development and present status.

MacCrimmon, H.R. 1959. Observations on spawning of burbot in Lake Simcoe, Ontario.

Machacek, H. (ed.) 2006. World Records Freshwater Fishing.

Machacek, H. (ed.) 2010. World Records Freshwater Fishing.

McPhail, J.D. & C.C. Lindsey 1970. Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska.

McPhail, J.D. & R. Carveth 1993. Field key to the freshwater fishes of British Columbia.

Mikhov, S. 2000. Checklist of fishes of Bulgaria.

Ministero Delle Politiche Agricole Alimantari e Forestali 2008. Elenco delle denominazioni in lingua Italiana: Delle specieittiche di interesse commerciale.

Missouri Department of Conservation 2008. Fish of Missouri National Park Service.

Morrow, J.E. 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska.

Müller, W. 1960. Beiträge zur Biologie der Quappe (Lota lota L.) nach Untersuchungen in den Gewässern zwischen Elbe und Oder.

Muus, B.J. & P. Dahlström 1968.

Muus, B.J. & P. Dahlstrøm 1990. Europas ferskvandsfisk.

Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea & J.D. Williams 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Newman, L. 1995. Census of fish at the Vancouver aquarium, 1994.

Nigrelli, R.F. 1959. Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium.

Nijssen, H. & S.J. de Groot 1974. Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands.

Nikolsky, G.W. 1957. Spezielle Fischkunde.

Ojaveer, E., E. Pihu & T. Saat 2003. Fishes of Estonia.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1990. Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products.

Page, L.M. & B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico.

Pauly, D. 1978. A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters.

Penczak, T. 1999. Fish production and food consumption in the Warta river (Poland): continued post-impoundment study (1990-1994).

Pervozvanskiy, V.Y. & V.F. Bugayev 1992. Notes on the ecology of the northern pike, Esox lucius, from the Keret' River (White Sea Basin).

Pietsch, T.W., K. Amaoka, D.E. Stevenson, E.L. MacDonald, B.K. Urbain & J.A. López 2000. Freshwater fishes of the Kuril Islands and adjacent regions.

Plikss, M. 2002. Fish of Latvia.

Podlesnyi, A.V. 1958. Fishes of Enisey, their environments and use.

Porcellotti, S., 2005. Pesci d'Italia, ittiofauna delle acque dolci. Casa Editrice Plan, Firenze. Pagina 38.

Quast, J.C. & E.L. Hall 1972. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature.

Rab, P. 1986. Karyotype of the Europian burbot Lota lota (L.) (Gadidae).

Randolph, S. & M. Snyder 1993. The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce.

Rass, T.S. 1983. Fish. Billard, R. 1997. Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces.

Ray, P.H. 1885. Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska.

Reiss, J.A. 1881. Der Bau der Kiemenblätter bei den Knochenfischen.

Rempel, L.L. & D.G. Smith 1998. Postglacial fish dispersal from the Mississippi refuge to the Mackenzie River basin.

Reshetnikov, Y.S. 2003 Atlas of Russian freshwater fishes, Vol. 2. Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov & V.V. Volobuev 2003. Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk.

Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva & L.I. Sokolov 1997. An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia.

Ricker, W.E. 1973. Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology.

Riede, K. 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales.

Riethe, P. 1991. Das Buch von den Fischen.

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea & W.B. Scott 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada.

Sabaneev, L.P. 1911. Fishes of Russia (Ryby Rossii).

Sanches, J.G. 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística).

Scott, W.B. & E.J. Crossman 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.

Smith, B.R. 1971. Sea lampreys in the Great Lakes of North America.

Smolian, K. 1920. Merkbuch der Binnenfischerei.

Speirs, J.M. 1952. Nomenclature of the channel catfish and the burbot of North America.

Spillman, C.-J. 1961. Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce.

Spratte, S & U. Hartmann 1997. Fischartenkataster: Süßwasserfische und Neunaugen in Schleswig-Holstein.

Streltsova, S.V. 1953. Dermal respiration in fishes.

Swedish Museum of Natural History 1999. NRM Ichthyology collection database.

U.S. Department of the Interior 2008. Freshwater fishes of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska.

Volgin, M.V. 1958. Burbot of Enisey river - Lota lota.

von Rapp, W. 1854. Fische des Bodensees.

Vostradovsky, J. 1973. Freshwater fishes.

Walbaum, J.J. 1792, Petri Artedi renovati. Part 3. Petri Artedi sueci genera Piscium in quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum diffentiis, observationibus plumiris. Redactis Speciebus 2.

Walker, K.F. & H.Z. Yang 1999. Fish and fisheries in western China.

Wärn, L. 2001. Fishes of Lake Unden in Sweden.

Wheeler, A. 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles.

Wheeler, A.C., N.R. Merrett & D.T.G. Quigley 2004. Additional records and notes for Wheeler's (1992) List of the Common and Scientific Names of Fishes of the British Isles.

Winberg, G.G. 1960. Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes.

Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin & H. Jespersen 2000. Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea.