Lo spinarello nordico, Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758) Specie tipo del genere.

Nomi comuni esteri - Francese - Épinoche à neuf épines, Épinochette, Petite épinoche, Marichaud. Portoghese - Espinho. Inglese - Ninespine stickleback, Nine-spined stickleback, Stickleback, Barnstickle, Branchy, Branstickle, Pinfish, Prickley, Prickly, Prickly back, Spanicle, Spannistickle, Spanny, Spannystickle, Spantickle, Sparnicle, Sparny, Sparnytickle, Spawnykettle, Spawnytickle, Thornback. Gaelico - Snathaid mhara. Tedesco - Kleiner Stichling, Neunstacheliger, Seestichling Stichling, Stachel de butz, Stachele, Stachelfisch, Stachelbauch, Stechbüttel, Stecherling, Stechert, Steckbedel, Steckbüdel, Steckelbars, Steckelstange, Steckling, Steekerling, Steekling, Steigbügel, Stickelbars, Stichbeutel, Stichlinsky, Zwergstichling. Olandese - Tiendoornige stekelbaars. Danese - Nipigget hundestejle. Norvegese - Småstikling, Nipigget stingsild. Svedese - Småspigg. Finnico - Kymmenpiikki. Polacco - Cierniczek. Russo - Devyatiiglaya kolyushka, Malaja koliushka, Malaja koliushka. Rumeno - Osar. Turco - Kücükdikence baligi. Giapponese - Ibara-tomiyo, Kitano-tomiyo.

Gasterosteus pungitius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 i-ii + 1-824; v. 1 296. Status: nomenclatura originaria, non valida. Opinioni: nomenclatura valida come "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "pungitius" per Okada 1961:615, Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:445, Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:25, Pietsch et al. 2001:144; nomenclatura valida come "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) secondo Berg 1949:965, Monod 1973:284, Lee et al. 1980:566, Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:83, Smith 1986:277, Banister in Whitehead et al. 1986:642, Robins & Ray 1986:122, Lelek 1987:271, Scott & Scott 1988:343, McAllister 1990:219, Page & Burr 1991:242, Haglund et al. 1992, Chereshnev 1996:605, Keivany et al. 1997:558, Kottelat 1997:167, Kim 1997:391, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747, Reshetnikov & Savvaitove 1998:112, Scott & Crossman 1998:671, Keivany & Nelson 1998:458 con sottospecie, Fuller et al. 1999:336, Keivany & Nelson 2000:117, Lyons et al. 2000:42, Nakabo 2000:514, Matsuura et al. 2000:197, Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:46, Chereshnev et al. 2001:113, Mecklenburg et al. 2002:334, Paepke in Banarescu & Paepke 2002:277, Kim & Park 2002:313, Nakabo 2002:514, Youn 2002:231, 554, Kolpakov 2002:708, Kolpakov 2003:847, Fedorov et al. 2003:57, Pichugin et al. 2004:15, Alekseyev et al. 2004:54, Bailey et al. 2004:169, Nelson et al. 2004:111, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:181. Catalogo: Wheeler 1985:44. Località tipo: Europa. Tipo: mancante. Sintipi: Linn. Soc. Lond. 34-35 (2, metà pelli sinistre).

Pungitius pungitius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 296. Status: nuova nomenclatura, valida.

Gasteracanthus pungitius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 296. Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Pygosteus pungitius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 296. Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Pungitius pungitius pungitius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 296. Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Gasterosteus occidentalis Cuvier 1829. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 4 509. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Questo nome è precedentemente occupato da "Gasterosteus occidentalis" Linnaeus 1758 e non può essere usato. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), per Monod 1973:284, Smith 1986:278; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), ma valida sottospecie, secondo Keivany & Nelson 2000:118, Krueger in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:319. Catalogo: Bertin & Estève 1950:39 [ref. 19576]. Località tipo: Newfoundland. Tipo: MNHN 7112.

Gasterosteus concinnus Richardson, 1836. The Fish. In: Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions, under the command of Sir John Franklin, R.N. Fauna Boreali-Americana i-xv + 1-327; Part 3 57. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Gasterosteus aculeatus" Linnaeus 1758, per Monod 1973:281; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) secondo Monod 1973:284, Scott & Crossman 1998:674; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "occidentalis" (Cuvier 1829) [non disponibile] per Keivany & Nelson 2000:118. Località tipo: Saskatchewan (53°N) fino al lago Great Bear (65°N), Canada. Tipo: mancante. Sintipi: (molti) collocazione attuale sconosciuta.

Gasterosteus mainensis Storer, 1837. Description of a new species of the genus "Gasterosteus". Boston J. Nat. Hist. 464-465; v. 1 (part 4) 465. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Monod 1973:284; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "occidentalis" (Cuvier 1829) [non disponibile] per Keivany & Nelson 2000:118. Località tipo: Contea di Kennebeck, Maine, U.S.A. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Gasterosteus dekayi Agassiz, 1850. Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz. With a narrative of the tour, by J. Elliot Cabot. And contributions by other scientific gentlemen. Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, Boston. Lake Superior i-x + 9-428; 311. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Monod 1973:284; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "occidentalis" (Cuvier 1829) [non disponibile] per Keivany & Nelson 2000:118. Località tipo: New York e Massachusetts, U.S.A. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Gasterosteus nebulosus Agassiz, 1850. Lake Superior 310 Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [non fig. 4]. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Monod 1973:284; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "occidentalis" (Cuvier 1829) [non disponibile] per Keivany & Nelson 2000:118. Località tipo: bocca del fiume Pic, Lago Superiore. Tipo: mancante. Sintipi: MCZ 6696 (10, now 8), ?MCZ 58765 (2), USNM 120414 [ex MCZ 6696] (2).

Gasterosteus burgundianus (non Blanchard, 1866). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Gasterosteus pungitia burgundianus (non Blanchard, 1866). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Gasterosteus (Gasterostea) blanchardi Sauvage, 1874. Révision des espèces du groupe des Épinoches. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 5-32; v. 10 32 Pl. 1 (fig. 16-16a). Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Monod 1973:284; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "occidentalis" (Cuvier 1829) [non disponibile] per Keivany & Nelson 2000:118. Catalogo: Bertin & Estève 1950:40. Località tipo: New York, U.S.A. Tipo: mancante. Sintipi: MNHN 7111 (2) New York, 9383 to 9385 (20); USNM 21139 [ex MNHN] (1).

Gasterosteus globiceps Sauvage, 1874. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris v. 10 35 Pl. 1 (fig. 17). Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Monod 1973:284, Paepke in Banarescu & Paepke 2002:277, con riserva; sinonimo provvisorio di "Pungitius laevis" (Cuvier 1829), per Kottelat; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "occidentalis" (Cuvier 1829) [non disponibile] per Keivany & Nelson 2000:118. Catalogo: Bertin & Estève 1950:40. Località tipo: segnalato come Nord America ma apparentemente errato. Tipo: mancante. Sintipi: MNHN 4081 (2).

Gasterosteus pungitius brachypoda Bean, 1879. Contributions to the natural history of Arctic America, made in connection with the Howgate polar expedition (1877-78). Fishes collected in Cumberland Gulf and Disko Bay. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. 107-138; v. 15 129. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valda. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "pungitius", secondo Okada 1961:616; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Berg 1949:966, Monod 1973:284; sinonimo di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758), sottospecie "occidentalis" (Cuvier 1829) [non disponibile] per Keivany & Nelson 2000:118. Catalogo: McAllister 1965:10. Località tipo: Oosooadlin Mountain, Golfo di Cumberland, Groenlandia, elev. 1500 piedi. Tipo: mancante. Sintipi: NMC 58-13 [ex USNM 21773 e Victoria Mem. Mus. 154] (1); USNM 21738 (1), 21766 (1), 21768 (1), 21771 (1), 21773 (1), 21773a (1), 21773c (1), 21773d (1).

Pygosteus pungitius brachypoda Bean, 1879. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. v. 15 129. Status: vedere sopra.

Pygosteus pungitius carinata Bertin, 1925. Recherches bionomiques, biométriques et systématiques sur les épinoches (gastérostéidés). Ann. Inst. Océanogr. Monaco 1-204; v. 2 122. Status: nomenclatura infrasubspecifica e non disponibile, non valida. Opinioni: in sinonimia di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Kottelat 1997:167, Paepke in Banarescu & Paepke 2002:277.

Pygosteus pungitius semiarmata Bertin, 1925. Ann. Inst. Océanogr. Monaco v. 2 122. Status: nomenclatura infrasubspecifica e non disponibile, non valida. Opinioni: in sinonimia di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Kottelat 1997:167, Paepke in Banarescu & Paepke 2002:277.

Pygosteus pungitius trachura Bertin, 1925. Ann. Inst. Océanogr. Monaco v. 2 122. Status: nomenclatura infrasubspecifica e non disponibile, non valida. Opinioni: in sinonimia di "Pungitius pungitius" (Linnaeus 1758) per Kottelat 1997:167.

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