Il luccio, Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758

Nomi dialettali italiani -  Veneto tridentino - Luz, Luss, Luzza. Venezia Giulia - Liuzz, Luzz. Veneto - Luz, Luzzo. Piemonte - Luss, Luz. Lombardia - Lusc, Luz, Loess, Cavigieu. Toscana - Luccio. Calabria - Luzzu, Luzzato. Sicilia - Adduzza de Sciummi, Luzzuo.

Nomi comuni esteri - Francese - Brochet, Grand brochet, Brouchet, Brouché, Brouchetta, Bec de canard France, Lanceron, Beked, Poignard, Sifflet. Spagnolo - Lucio. Portoghese - Lúcio. Greco - Toúrna. Inglese - Pike, Northern pike, Common pike, Pickerel. Gaelico - Lius. Gallese - Penhwyad. Tedesco - Hecht, Hechten, Heekt, Heichit, Europäischer hecht, Scheckhecht, Höcht, Hengste, Bunthecht, Flußhecht, Grashecht, Schnock, Schnöck, Schnuck. Olandese - Snoek. Danese - Gedde. Norvegese - Gjedde. Svedese - Gädda. Finnico - Hauki. Islandese - Gedda. Russo - Shchuka, Obyknovennaya schuka, Shtschuka. Polacco - Szczupak. Repubblica Ceca - Štika obecná. Repubblica Slovacca - Stuka obycajná. Magiaro - Csuka. Rumeno - Stiuca, Ştiucă, Marlita. Bulgaro - Shtuka. Sloveno - Scuka. Turco - Turna baligi. Persiano - Shook Chehkhab, Ordak Mahi, Ordakmahi. Giapponese - Kawakamasu. Dialetto Cree (Canada) - Cinosa, Cinoseo, Cinusèw. Dialetto Inuktitut (Canada) - Hiulik, Idlûlukak, Ihok, Kikiyuk, Kiqyôq. Dialetto Alutiiq (Alaska) - Qalru.

Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 i-ii + 1-824; v. 1 314. Status: nomenclatura originaria, valida. Opinioni: nomenclatura valida come "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758 secondo Berg 1948:458, Crossman 1978:14, Lee et al. 1980:133, Smith 1986:250, Lelek 1987:67, Robison & Buchanan 1988:144, McAllister 1990:69, Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:65, Page & Burr 1991:61, Coad 1991:20, Etnier & Starnes 1993:335, Jenkins et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:232, Ráb & Crossman 1994:1951, Baxter & Stone 1995:152, Stauffer et al. 1995:227, Coad 1995:24, Cross & Collins 1995:163, Zhu 1995:16, Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184, Chereshnev 1996:601, Coad 1996:85, Kottelat 1997:95, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:733, Coffie 1997:133, Sigler & Sigler 1996:162, Popova 1998:52, Coad 1998:103, Scott & Crossman 1998:356, Fuller et al. 1999:228, Azeroual et al. 2000:20, Lyons et al. 2000:37, Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45, Chereshnev et al. 2001:50, Pietsch et al. 2001:141, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194, Sideleva 2001:47, Lachance 2002:597, Mecklenburg et al. 2002:144, Moyle 2002:222, Fedorov et al. 2003:27], Sideleva 2003:12, Wydoski & Whitney 2003:111, Hanel 2003:57, Nelson et al. 2004:84, Bailey et al. 2004:138, Miller & Robison 2004:252, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:124, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:165. Catalogo: Wheeler 1958:209. Località tipo: Europa. Tipo: nessuno. Possibili sintipi: BMNH 1853.11.12.114 [coll. Gronovius] (1, pelle).

Lucius lucius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 314: Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Luccius vorax Rafinesque, 1810.  C. S. Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci siciliani. Messina. Indice Ittiol. Sicil. 1-70; 68. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida; nuovo nome non necessario per "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758, per Kottelat 1997:95.

Esox estor Lesueur, 1818. Status: esaminato da Eschmeyer, vedere guida di Eschmeyer.

Esox lucius variegatus Fitzinger, 1832. Status, nomenclatura infrasubspecifica e non disponibile, non valida. Provenienza del materiale esaminato: fiume Danubio e laghi Erlaph e Schwarzensee, Austria.

Esox boreus Agassiz, 1850. Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz. With a narrative of the tour, by J. Elliot Cabot. And contributions by other scientific gentlemen. Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, Boston. Lake Superior i-x + 9-428.;317. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758, per Scott & Crossman 1998:363. Località tipo: coste nord del Lago Supriore. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: collocazione attuale sconosciuta.

Esox lucioides Agassiz & Girard, 1850. In Herbert 1850. Frank Forester's fish and fishing of the United States and British Provinces of North America. Frank Forester's Fish and Fishing; 359 pp. 154. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Scott & Crossman 1998:363. Località tipo: Lago Superiore, Nord America. Tipo: non è conosciuto nessun esemplare tipo.

Esox reichertii baicalensis Dybowski, 1874. Die Fische des Baical-Wassersystemes. Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 383-394; v. 24 (no. 3-4) 392. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758, per Berg 1948:458, Kottelat 1997:95, Sideleva 2001:47, Sideleva 2003:12. Località tipo: bacino del lago Baikal, Russia. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Trematina foveolata Trautschold, 1884. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Si tratta di un interessante esemplare fossile, testimone delle forme arcaiche della specie.

Esox lucius atrox Anikin, 1902. Description of new fish species from Asia. Izv. Tom. Univ.; v. 22 109. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758, per Berg 1948:458, Kottelat 1997:95. Località tipo: bacino del fiume Ob, Siberia, Russia.

Esox lucius bergi Kaganowsky, 1933. Commercial fishes of the Anadyr River and Liman. Vest. Dal'nev. Fil. Akad. Nauk 3-4, (nos. 1-3) 4. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Esox lucius" Linnaeus 1758, per Berg 1948:458, Kottelat 1997:95. Località tipo: fiume Anadyr, Siberia, Russia. Tipo: non è conosciuto noto esemplare tipo.

Esox lucius lucius wiliunensis Kirillov, 1962. Status, nomenclatura infrasubspecifica e non disponibile, non valida. Provenienza del materiale esaminato: bacino del fiume Vilyui, Yakutia, Siberia.

Fonti bibliografiche principali - Porcellotti, S., 2005. Pesci d'Italia, ittiofauna delle acque dolci. Casa Editrice Plan, Firenze. Pagina 100.

Crossman, E.J., 1996. Taxonomy and distribution.. p. 1-11. In J.F. Craig (ed.) Pike biology and exploration. Chapman and Hall, London. 298 p. Pagina 1. 

Bibliografia - Allardi, J. and P. Keith, 1991 Atlas préliminaire des poissons d'eau douce de France. Coll. Patrimoines Naturels, vol. 4. Secrétariat Faune Flore, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 234 p.

Anon., 1996 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Anon., 1997 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium.

Anon., 1999 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)).

Anon., 1999 Systematic list of Estonian fishes. World Wide Web Electronic Publication, 14 January 2000.

Anon., 2000 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Anon., 2000 Systematisk liste over norske fisk registert pr. 1997.

Anon., 2000 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Icthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH).

Anon., 2001 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.

Anon., 2001 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen.

Anon., 2002 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA.

Anon., 2002 Fish collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum. Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria BC, Canada V8V 1X4.

Anon., 2003 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum.

Aquaculture production statistics 1985-1994. FAO Fish. Circ. 815. 189 p.

Arkhipchuk, V.V., 1999 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk.

Avian, M., M. Specchi, S. Vanzo, P. Antonel and E. Pizzul, 1998 Biology of pike, Esox lucius (Esocidae), in the lower plain of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (north-eastern Italy). Ital. J. Zool. 65:247-250.

Azeroual, A., A.J. Crivelli, A. Yahyaoui and M. Dakki, 2000 L'ichtyofaune des eaux continentales du Maroc. Cybium 24(Suppl. 3):17-22.

Azevedo, J.M.N., M.M.C.S. Leitão, I. Borges, R. Moreira and R. Patrício, 2004 Ensaio de Quantificação de Fauna Piscícola de Lagoas em São Miguel ( Açores). Centro de Investigação dos Recursos Naturais e Departmento de Biologia, Universidade de Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 PONTA DELGADA.

Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl, 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p.

Bainbridge, R., 1958 The speed of swimming as related to size and to the frequency and amplitude of the tail beat. J. Exp. Biol. 35(1):109-133.

Banarescu, P., 1964 Fauna Republicii Populare Romîne. Volumul XIII. Pisces - Osteichthyes (pesti ganoizi si osisi). Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, Bucuresti. 962 p.

Barsiene, J.V., 1983 Cytogenetic studies of Lithuanian fishes Acta hydrobiol. Lituanica. 4:49-58.

Baruš, V. and O. Oliva (eds.), 1995 Mihulovci a ryby. Fauna R a SR. (Cyclostomata and fishes. Fauna of Czech Republic and Slovakia). sv. 28 Academia Praha.

Beamish, R.J., M.J. Merrilees and E.J. Grossman, 1971 Karyotypes and DNA values for members of the suborder Esocoidei (Osteichthyes: Salmoniformes). Chromosoma. 34(4):436-447.

Beckman, W. C., 1948 The length-weight relationship, factors for conversion between standard and total lengths, and coeffecients of condition for several Michigan fishes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 75:237-256.

Berg, L.S., 1962 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem.

Berkes, F. and M. Mackenzie, 1978 Cree fish names from Eastern James Bay, Quebec. Arctic 31(4):489-495.

Bianco, P.G. and V. Ketmaier, 2001 Anthropogenic changes in the freshwater fish fauna of Italy, with reference to the central region and Barbus graellsii, a newly established alien species of Iberian origin. J. Fish Biol. 59(Suppl.A):190-208.

Billard, R., 1996 Reproduction of pike: gametogenesis, gamete biology and early development. p. 13-43. In J.F. Craig (ed.) Pike: Biology and exploitation. Chapman & Hall, London.

Billard, R., 1997 Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p.

Billard, R., Mackay, W.C. and J. Marcel, 1983 Evolution de la gamétogenèse, du poids du coprs et des gonades au cours du cycle reproducteur du brochet Esox lucius. p. 53-61. In R. Billard (ed.) Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et élevage. INRA, Paris.

Birket-Smith, K., 1928 Five hundred Eskimo words. Rep. Fifth Thule Exped. 1921-24. 3(3):1-64.

Blanc, M., J.L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.C. Hureau, 1971 European inland water fish: a multilingual catalogue. Fishing News (Books) Ltd. London.

Bogutskaya, N., 2005 Compilation of 70 ecoregion in Russia with about 700 species. Compilation of Nina Bogutskaya. Exccel file.

Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka, 2002 An overview of nonindigenous fishes in inland waters of Russia. Proc. Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci. 296:21-30.

Borbori, D.C., P.S. Economidis and E.G. Maurakis, 2001 Freshwater fish habitat science and management in Greece. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 4: 381-391.

Brämick, U., U. Rothe, H. Schuhr, M. Tautenhahn, U. Thiel, C. Wolter and S. Zahn, 1998 Fische in Brandenburg. Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten des Landes Brandenburg, Potsdam, Germany. 152 p.

Brown, E.H., Jr. and C.F. Clark, 1965 Length-weight relationship of the northern pike, Esox lucius, from East Harbor, Ohio. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 94:404-405.

Byczkowska-Smyk, W., 1959 The respiratory surface of the gills in teleosts. 4. The respiratory surface of the gills in the pike (Esox lucius), stone-perch (Acerina cernus) and the burbot (Lota lota L.). Acta. Biol. Cracov. 2:113-127.

Calderon Andreu, E.G., 1955 Acclimatation du brochet en Espagne. Verh. int.Verein theor. Angew. Limnol. 12:536-542.

Carl, G.C., W.A. Clemens and C.C. Lindsey, 1959 The freshwater fishes of British Columbia (3rd revision). (Reprinted 1977). B.C. Prov. Mus. Handb. 5: 192 p.

Carlander, K.D. and L.E. Hiner, 1943 Fisheries investigation and management report for Lake Vermilion, St. Louis County. Minn. Bur. Fish. Res. Invest. 54:1-175.

Carlander, K.D., 1950 Handbook of freshwater fishery biology. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 427 p.

Carlander, K.D., 1969 Handbook of freshwater fishery biology, volume 1. The Iowa State University Press, Ames. Iowa.

Casselman, J.M., 1996 Age, growth and environmental requirements of pike. p. 69-101. In J.F. Craig (ed.) Pike: bology and exploitation. Chapman & Hall, London.

Cheney, W.L., 1971 Life history investigations of northern pike in the Tanana River drainage. Alaska Dept. Fish. Game. Fed. Aid Fish Restor., Ann. Prog. Rept., Project F-9-3, Study R-III. 12: 1-24.

Coad, B.W., 2003 Freshwater fishes of Iran: checklists of Farsi names. Retrieved July 16, 2003, from http://www.purethrottle.com/briancoad/checklists/farsinameslist.htm

Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce, 2001 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain.

Crossman, E.J., 1996 Taxonomy and distribution. p. 1-11. In J.F. Craig (ed.) Pike biology and exploration. Chapman and Hall, London. 298 p.

Dabrowski, K., 1975 Point of no return in the early life of fishes. An energetic attempt to define the food minimum. Wiad. Ekol. 21:277-293.

Davisson, M.T., 1972 Karyotypes of the teleost family Esocidae. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29: 579-582.

De Jager, S., M.E. Smit-Onel, J.J. Videler, B.J.M. Van-Gills and E.M. Uffink, 1977 The respiratory area of the gills of some teleost fishes in relation to their mode of life. Bijdr. Dierk. 46:199-205.

Dolinin, V.A., 1973 The rate of basal metabolism in fish. J. Ichthyol. 13:430-438.

Dolinin, V.A., 1975 Main parameters of the respiratory function in fishes during alteration in respiratory activity. J. Ichthyol. 15:124-132.

Dulmaa, A., 1999 Fish and fisheries in Mongolia. p. 187-236. In T. Petr (ed.) Fish and fisheries at higher altitudes: Asia. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. No. 385. FAO, Rome. 304 p.

Dunbar, M.J. and H.H. Hildebrand, 1952 Contribution to the study of fishes of Ungava Bay. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 9(2):83-128.

Economidis, P.S., 1973 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972).

Economidis, P.S., 1991 Check list of freshwater fishes of Greece (recent status of threats and protection). Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature, Special publication, 48 p.

Economidis, P.S., E. Dimitriou, R. Pagoni, E. Michaloudi and L. Natsis, 2000 Introduced and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Greece. Fish. Manage. Ecol. 7:239-250.

Eibler, J., 1995 Completion report 1994: Lake Kabetogama. Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources. F-29-R(P).

Eibler, J., 1995 Completion report 1994: Rainy Wood. Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources. Report F-29-R(P)-14.

Elvira, B., 1998 Impact of introduced fish on the native freshwater fish fauna of Spain. p.186-190. In: I.G. Cowx (ed.) Stocking and introduction of fish. Fishing News Books, UK.

Elvira, B., G.G. Nicola and A. Almodovar, 1996 Pike and red swamp crayfish: a new case on predator-prey relationship between aliens in central Spain. J. Fish Biol. 48:437-446.

Evermann, B.W. and E.L. Goldsborough, 1907 The fishes of Alaska. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 26: 219-360.

FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1991 Aquaculture production (1986-1989). FAO Fish. Circ. 815, Rev. 3. 141 p.

FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993 Aquaculture production (1985-1991). FAO Fish. Circ. 815, Rev. 5. 213 p.

FAO, 1992 FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings, volume 74. FAO Fish. Series 43. 677 p.

Farmer, J.G., 1980 Biology and physiology of feeding in adult lampreys. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:1751-1761.

Fijan, N., 1999 Spring viraemia of carp and other viral diseases and agents of warm-water fish. p.177-244. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l.

Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, 1993 Kalanviljely vuonna 1992. (Fish Culture in 1992). Riista- ja Kalatalouden Tutkimuslaitos. Ympäristö 1993:3.

Fisheries Branch, 1994 Freshwater Fishing Regulations Synopsis, 1994-1996. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Fisheries Branch, Canada. 63 p.

Food and Agriculture Organization, 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p.

Frier, J.-O., 1994 Danmark. Danske ferskvandsfisk og deres udbredelsesområde. p. 4-6, 83-99. In J.-O. Frier (ed.) Truede ferskvandsfiskearter i Norden. TemaNord 1994:625. Nordisk Ministerråd, København.

Frimodt, C., 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p.

Frost, W.E. and C. Kipling, 1967 A study of reproduction, early life, weight-length relationship and growth of pike, Esox lucius L. in Windermere. J. Anim. Ecol. 36:651-693.

Fuiman, L.A., 1982 Family Esocidae, pikes. p. 155-173. In N.A. Auer (ed.) Identification of larval fishes of the Great Lakes basin with emphasis on the Lake Michigan drainage. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Special Publ. 82-3, 744 p.

Gandolfi, G., S. Zerunian, P. Torricelli and A. Marconato (eds.), 1991 I pesci delle acque interne italiane. Ministero dell'Ambiente e Unione Zoologica Italiana. Instituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Roma. 616 p.

Gardner, J.A., 1926 Report on the respiratory exchange in freshwater fish, with suggestions as to further investigations. Fish. Invest. Ser. I, 3(1):1-17.

Gerstmeier, R. and T. Romig, 1998 Die Süßwasserfische Europas: für Naturfreunde und Angler. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany. 368 p.

Gibbons, S., 1999 Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London and Ringwood. 418 p.

Gray, J., 1953 The locomotion of fishes. p. 1-16. In Essays in Marine Biology. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

Gunderson, D.R. and P.H. Dygert, 1988 Reproductive effort as a predictor of natural mortality rate. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 44:200-209.

Günther, A., 1853 Die Fische des Neckars. Verlag von Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart, Germany.136 p.

Hall, J.D., 1960 Preliminary studies on the biology of native Michigan lampreys. M.Sc. thesis, Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 39 p.

Hart, P.J.B. and B. Connellan, 1984 Cost of prey capture, growth rate and ration size in pike, Esox lucius L., as functions of prey weight. J. Fish Biol. 25:279-292.

Hartmann, G.L., 1827 Helvetische Ichthyologie, oder ausführliche Naturgeschichte der in der Schweiz sich vorfindenden Fische. Orell, Füßli und Compagnie, Zürich, Switzerland.

Heinrich, T., 1995 Completion report 1994: Lake of the Woods. Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources. Report F-29-R(P)-14.

Herbert, H.W., 1850 Great northern pickerel. Frank Forster's fish and fishing of the United States and British provinces of North America. Second edition. 359 p. London.

Hesselio, M.P., 1675 Hertzfliessende Betrachtungen von dem Elbe-Strom. Eigenverlag Altona, [Hamburg, Germany]. 156 p.

Hokanson, K.F., H.H. McCormick and B.R. Jones, 1973 Temperature requirements for embryos and larvae of the northern pike, Esox lucius (Linnaeus). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102(1):89-100.

Holcík, J., 1991 Fish introductions in Europe with particular reference to its central and eastern part. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):13-23.

Houde, E.D. and C.E. Zastrow, 1993 Ecosystem- and taxon-specific dynamic and energetics properties of fish larvae assemblages. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53(2):290-335.

http://alun.uio.no/zoomus/generell/avdelinger/fisk/fiskeliste.html

Hughes, G.M. and M. Morgan., 1973 The structure of fish gills in relation to their respiratory function. Biol. Rev. 48:419-475, and Supplementary Publication SUP 90005, British Library, Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ.

Hureau, J.-C., 1991 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Preliminaire des Poissons d'Eaux Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environment, CEMAGREF et Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Iacob, L. and I. Dima, 2006 Regnul Animalia. Eukarya. Enciclopedia Florei si Faunei din Romania.

IGFA, 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.

International Game Fish Association, 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA.

Jenness, D., 1928 Eskimo language and technology. Rep. Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, V.15:1-134. King's Printer, Ottawa.

Johnson, L., 1966 Consumption of food by the resident populations of pike, Esox lucius, in Lake Windermere. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 23(10):1523-1535.

Jordan, D.S. and B.W. Evermann, 1896 The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the isthmus of Panama. Part I. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 47:1-1240.

June, F.C., 1971 The reproductive biology of northern pike, Esox lucius, in Lake Oahe an upper Missouri River storage reservoir. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. Publ. 8:53-71.

Kamilov, G. and Zh.U. Urchinov, 1995 Fish and fisheries in Uzbekistan under the impact of irrigated agriculture. p. 10-41 In T. Petr (ed.) Inland fisheries under the impact of irrigated agriculture: Central Asia. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 894.

Kangur, A. and P. Kangur, 1998 Diet composition and size-related changes in the feeding of pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (Percidae) and pike, Esox lucius (Esocidae) in the Lake Peipsi (Estonia). Ital. J. Zool. 65:255-259.

Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coord.), 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Patrimoines naturels, 47: 387 p. Paris: MNHN.

Keith, P., J. Allardi and B. Moutou, 1992 Livre rouge des espèces menacées de poissons d'eau douce de France et bilan des introductions. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Secretariat de la Faune et de la Flore, Conseil Supérieur de la Peche, CEMAGREF and Ministère de l'Environment, 111 p.

Kinzer, J., 1983 Aquarium Kiel: Beschreibungen zur Biologie der ausgestellten Tierarten. Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel. pag. var.

Kipling, C. and W.E. Frost, 1970 A study of mortality, population numbers, year class strengths, production and food consumption of pike, Esox lucius L., in Windermere from 1944 to 1962. J. Anim. Ecol. 39:115-157.

Kipling, C., 1983 Changes in the population of pike Esox lucius in Windermere from 1944 to 1981. J. Anim. Ecol. 52:989-999.

Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven, 1995 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften.

Koli, L., 1990 Suomen kalat. [Fishes of Finland] Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. Helsinki. 357 p.

Konchin, V.V., 1981 Analysis of the rate of gas exchange in young roach Rutilus rutilus. J. Ichthyol. 21:122-132.

Kottelat, M., 1997 European freshwater fishes. Biologia 52, Suppl. 5:1-271.

Kozmin, A.K., 1980 The biology of the pike, Esox lucius, from Lake Lacha. J. Ichthyol. 20:44-48.

Kullander, S.O., 1999 Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes. Swedish Museum of Natural History. http://www.nrm.se/ve/pisces/allfish.shtml.en, 25 May 1999.

Kuznetsov, V.A., 1973 The growth pattern of the larvae and young of some freshwater fish at different stages of development. J. Ichthyol. 12:433-442.

Landbrugs -og Fiskeriministeriet., 1995 Fiskeriårbogen 1996. Årbog for den danske fiskerflåde. Fiskeriårbogens Forlag ved Iver C. Weilbach & Co A/S, Toldbodgade 35, Postbox 1560, DK-1253 København K, Denmark. p 333-338, 388, 389.

Lenhardt, M. and P. Cakic, 2002 Seasonal reproductive cycle of pike, Esox lucius L., from the River Danube. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 18(1):7-13.

LeSueur, C.A., 1818 Description of several new species of the genus Esox, of North America. J. Acad. Natur. Sci. Philad. 1(2):413-417.

Lever, C., 1996 Naturalized fishes of the world. Academic Press, California, USA. 408 p.

Lieder, U., 1953 Chromosomenstudien an Knochenfischen. I. Die Chromosomen des Hechtes (Esox lucius L.) in den embryonalen Mitosen. Z. Fisch.. 2():417-418.

Lindroth, A., 1941 Sauerstoffverbrauch der Fische. II. Verschiedene Entwicklungs - und Altersstadien von Lachs und Hecht. Ztsch. vergl. Physiol. 29:583-594.

Lindstedt, P., 1914 Studies on the respiration and metabolism of cold-blooded animals. Ztsch. Fisch. 14:193-245.

Linnaeus, C., 1758 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p.

Lusk, S. and L. Hanel, 2000 The Red List of lampreys and fishes in the Czech Republic - Version 2000. Biodiverzita ichtyofauny CR(III):5-13.

Lusk, S., L. Hanel and V. Lusková, 2004 Red list of the ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: Development and present status. Folia Zool. 53 (2) 215-226.

Magnan, A., 1930 Les caractéristiques géométriques et physiques des poissons. Ann. Sci. Nat. 13:355.

Magnin, E., 1964 Premier inventaire ichtyologique du lac et de la riviere Waswanipi. Nat. Can. 91(11):273-308.

Mamcarz, A., D. Kucharzyyk, R. Kujawa, A. Skrzypczak and G. Furgala-Selezniow, 1998 Ontogeny of feeding habits in northen pike, Esox lucius (Esocidae), larvae reared in illuminated cages. Ital. J. Zool. 65:251-253.

Mann, R.H.K., 1982 The annual food consumption and prey preferences of pike (Esox lucius) in the River Frome, Dorset. J. Anim. Ecol. 51:81-95.

McAllister, D.E., V. Legendre and J.G. Hunter, 1987 Liste de noms inuktitut (esquimaux), français, anglais et scientifiques des poissons marins du Canada arctique. Rapp. Manus. Can. Sci. Halieut. Aquat, 1932,106 p.

McPhail, J. D. and C.C. Lindsey, 1970 Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 173:381 p.

McPhail, J.D. and R. Carveth, 1993 Field key to the freshwater fishes of British Columbia. Fish Museum, Department of Zoology, U.B.C., Canada, 239 p.

Miller, L.M. and A.R. Kapuscinski, 1996 Microsatellite DNA markers reveal new levels of genetic variation in northern pike. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 125(6):971-977.

Miller, R.B. and W.A Kennedy, 1948 Pike (Esox lucius) from four northern Canadian lakes. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 7(4):176-189.

Millot, J. and J. Anthony, 1965 Anatomie de Latimeria chalumnae. Tome II. Système nerveux et organes de sens. Edition du Centre de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France, 131p. + 76p. ill.

Mills, C.A. and R.H.K. Mann, 1985 Environmentally-induced fluctuations in year-class strength and their implications for management. J. Fish Biol. 27 (Suppl.A):209-226.

Morrow, J.E., 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p.

Munro, W.R., 1957 The pike of Loch Choin. Scot. Freshw. Salm. Fish. Res. 16:3-16.

Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1967 Guide des poissons d'eau douce et pêche. GEC Gads Forlag, Copenhague. 242 p.

Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p.

Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm, 1990 Europas ferskvandsfisk. GEC Gads Forlag, København. 224p.

Myers, R.A., J. Bridson and N.J. Barrowman, 1995 Summary of worldwide spawner and recruitment data. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2024. 274 p.

Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, and J.D. Williams, 2004 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland.

Nigrelli, R.F., 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London.

Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot., 1974 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207.

Nikolsky, G.W., 1957 Spezielle Fischkunde. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. Berlin. 632 p.

Nursall, J.R., 1962 Swimming and the origin of paired appendages. Am. Zool. 2:127-141.

Nygren, A., P. Edlund, U. Hirsch and L. Ahsgren, 1968 Cytological studies in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), pike (Esox lucius L.), pike-perch (Lucioperca lucioperca L.), and ruft (Acerina cernua L.) Hereditas. 59(2-3):518-524.

Omarov, O. P. and O. A. Popova, 1985 Feeding behavior of pike, Esox lucius and catfish, Silurus glanis, in the Arakum Reservoirs of Dagestan. J. Ichthyol. 25(1):25-36.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1990 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford.

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p.

Palomares, M.L.D., 1991 La consommation de nourriture chez les poissons: étude comparative, mise au point d'un modèle prédictif et application à l'étude des réseaux trophiques. Thèse de Doctorat, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 211 p.

Palomares, M.L.D., 1991 La consommatíon de nourriture chez les poissons: étude comparative, mise au point d'un modèle prédictif et application à l'étude des réseaux trophiques. Institut National Polytechnique, Toulouse. 211 p. Thèse de Doctorat.

Palzenberger, M. and H. Pohla, 1992 Gill surface area of water-breathing freshwater fish. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 2:187-216.

Pauly, D., 1979 Gill size and temperature as governing factors in fish growth: a generalization of von Bertalanffy's growth formula. Berichte des Instituts für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts Universität Kiel, (63). 156 p.

Pauly, D., 1980 On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 39(2):175-192.

Pavlov, P.I., 1980 Fauna of Ukraine. Fishes. Tunicata (Ascidian, appendicularian), Acrania (Cephalochordata), Vertebrata (Cyclostomata; cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes- sturgeons; clupeids; anchois; salmonides; ombres; brochets; umbres). Kiev, Naukova Dumka Publishing House, 8(1) (in Ukrainian).

Pervozvanskiy, V.Ya. And V.F. Bugayev, 1992 Notes on the ecology of the northern pike, Esox lucius, from the Keret' River (White Sea Basin). J. Ichthyol. 32(4):116-126.

Petit, G.D., 1973 Effects of dissolved oxygen on survival and behavior of selected fishes of western Lake Erie. Bull. Ohio Biol. Survey 4:1-76.

Pietsch, T.W., K. Amaoka, D.E. Stevenson, E.L. MacDonald, B.K. Urbain and J.A. López, 2000 Freshwater fishes of the Kuril Islands and adjacent regions. International Kuril Island Project (IKIP), University of Washington Fish Collection, Washington, 18 p.

Pinder, A.C., 2001 Keys to larval and juvenile stages of coarse fishes from fresh waters in the British Isles. Freshwater Biological Association. The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK. Scientific Publication No. 60. 136 p.

Plikss, M., 2002 Fish of Latvia http://latvijas.daba.lv/scripts/db/saraksti/saraksti.cgi?d=zivis&l=en.

Podlesnyi, A.V., 1958 Fishes of Enisey, their environments and use. P. 97-178 in Pravdin, I.F. and P.L. Pirozhnikov (Eds.). Commercial fishes of Ob and Enisey and their use. Izv. VNIORH 44. Moscow, Pishchepromizdat.

Preikshot, D. and J. Leer, 1998 An annotated list of Alutiiq words relevant to modeling the Prince William Sound ecosystem. p. 92-122. In: T.A. Okey and D. Pauly (eds.) Trophic Mass-Balance Model of Alaska's Prince William Sound Ecosystem, for the Post-Spill Period 1994-1996. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 6(4). University of British Columbia, Canada. 144 pp.

Privolnev, T.I., 1947 Changes in respiration during ontogeny of fishes at various partial pressure of oxygen. Izvestiia VNIORKH 25:57-112.

Quast, J.C. and E.L. Hall, 1972 List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p.

Raat, A., 1988 Synopsis of biological data on the northern pike Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758. FAO Fish. Synopsis No. 30 Rev. 2.

Rab, P. and B. Mayr, 1987 Chromosome banding studies in European esocoid fishes: Localization of nucleolar organizer regions in Umbra krameri and Esox lucius. Copeia 1987:1062-1067.

Rab, P. and E.J. Crossman., 1994 Chromosomal NOR phenotypes in North American pikes and pickerels, genus Esox with notes on the Umbridae (Euteleostei:Esocae). Can. J. Zool. 72:1951-1956.

Randolph, S. and M. Snyder, 1993 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var.

Rass, T.S., 1983 Fish. Vol. 4, Life of animals. V.E. Sokolov (ed.), Moscow: Prosveschenie. 575p.

Rawson, D.S., 1932 The pike of Waskesiu Lake, Saskatchewan. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 62:323-330.

Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov, 1997 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736.

Richardson, J., 1823 Notice of the fishes. p. 705-728. In J. Franklin (ed.) Appendix to narrative of a journey to the shores of the Polar Sea in the years 1819, 1820, 1821, and 1822, Appendix 6. John Murray, London.

Richardson, J., 1836 The fish. Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of of the northern parts of British America. (3): 327 p.

Ricker, W.E., 1973 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.

Ridenhour, R.L., 1957 Northern pike, Esox lucius L., population of Clear Lake, Iowa. Iowa St. J. Sci. 32(1):1-18.

Riede, K., 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p.

Riethe, P., 1991 Das Buch von den Fischen. Otto Müller Verlag, Sazlburg.150 p.

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1980 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.

Russian Academy of Sciences, 2000 Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. 166 p.

Sal'nikov, V.B., 1998 Anthropogenic migration of fish in Turkmenistan. J. Ichthyol. 38(8):591-602.

Sambilay, V.C., Jr., 1990 Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes. Fishbyte 8(3):16-20. Esox lucius 312 Pauly, D., 1978 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200.

Sanches, J.G., 1989 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. No. 14. 322 p.

Schneider, L., 1970 Dictionnaire esquimau-français du parler de l'Ungava et contrées limitrophes. Travaux et documents du Centre d'Études nordiques 3. Presses de l'Université Laval, Québec. 439 pp.

Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184:1-966.

Seeb, J.E., L.W. Seeb, D.W. Oates and F.M. Utter., 1987 Genetic variation and post glacial dispersal of populations of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in North America. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44:556-561.

Smolian, K., 1920 Merkbuch der Binnenfischerei. Fischereiförderung GmbH, Berlin, Germany, p. 449, XXV.

Spillman, C.-J., 1961 Faune de France: Poissons d'eau douce. Fédération Française des Sociétés Naturelles,Tome 65. Paris. 303 p.

Stephenson, S.A. and W.T. Momot, 1991 Food habits and growth of walleye, Stizostedion vitreum, smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui, and northern pike, Esox lucius, in the Kaministiquia River, Ontario. Can. Field Nat. 105(4):517-521.

Stiassny, M.L.J. and N. Raminosoa, 1994 The fishes of the inland waters of Madagascar. p.133-148. In: G.G. Teugels, J.-F. Guégan and J.-J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh- and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool. 275:177 p.

Stolyarov, I.A. and K.S. Abusheva, 1997 Pike Esox lucius of Kizlyar Bay of the northern Caspian Sea. J. Ichthyol. 37(3):268-271.

Svardson, G. and T. Wickbom, 1939 Notes on the chromosomes of same teleosts Esox lucius L., Lucioperca lucioperca L. and Perca fluviatilis L. Hereditas 25(4):472-476.

Swedish Museum of Natural History, 1999 NRM Ichthyology collection database. Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.

Swift, D.R., 1965 Effect on temperature on mortality and rate of development of the eggs of the pike (Esox lucius L.) and the perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). Nature (London) 206(4983):528.

Tedla, S. and F.H. Meskel, 1981 Introduction and transplantation of freshwater fish species in Ethiopia. SINET: Ethiop. J. Sci. 4(2): 69-72.

Thurston, R.V. and P.C. Gehrke., 1993 Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. p. 95-108. In R.C. Russo & R.V. Thurston (eds.) Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, California, USA, September 18-19, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157.

Tomelleri, J.R. and M.E. Eberle, 1990 Fishes of the central United States. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 226 p.

Toner, E.D. and G.H. Lawler, 1969 Synopsis of biological data on the pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus 1758). FAO Fish. Synop. 30 (rev. 1). 37 p.

 Treasurer, J.W., R. Owen and E. Bowers., 1992 The population dynamics of pike, Esox lucius, and perch, Perca fluviatilis, in a simple predator-prey system. Environ. Biol. Fish. 34:65-78.

Treer,T., D. Habekovic, R. Safner, I. Anicic and A. Kolak, 1998 Growth of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Croatian Reservoir Kruscica. Ribarstvo 56(3):85-90.

Vasil'ev, V.P., 1980 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38.

von Rapp, W., 1854 Fische des Bodensees. Verlag Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart, Germany. 39 p.

Wahl, D.H. and R.A. Stein, 1991 Food consumption and growth of three esocids: field tests of a bioenergetic model. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120(2):230-246.

Walker, K.F. and H.Z. Yang, 1999 Fish and fisheries in western China. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 385:237-278.

Wärn, L., 2001 Fishes of Lake Unden in Sweden. Pers. comm. (list of 18 scientific and common names sampled by author in Lake Unden).

Webster, D.H. and W. Zibell, 1970 Inupiat Eskimo dictionary. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc., Fairbanks, Alaska. 211 p.

Welcomme, R.L., 1988 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p.

Wells, R. and J. Kelly, 1890 English-Eskimo and Eskimo-English vocabularies. Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, Washington (2):1-72.

Went, A.E.J., 1957 List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublin. 31 p.

Wheeler, A., 1992 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(1):1-37.

Winberg, G.G., 1960 Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. In: F.E.J. Fry and W.E. Ricker (eds.) Translation Series No. 194. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C.

Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000 Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea. ICES CM 2000/Mini:11, 15 p.