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Le Faune Webmuseum Osteichthyes Perciformes Centrarchidae Lepomis

Il persico smeraldo, Lepomis cyanellus

Rafinesque, 1819


 

Nomi comuni esteri - Inglese - Green sunfish. Tedesco - Grasbarsch, Grüner Sonnenbarsch. Svezia - Sonnenbarsch, Grön solabborre. Norvegia - Grøn solabbor. Danimarca - Grøn solaborre. Finlandia - Viheraurinkoahven.

 

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Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque, 1819. Prodrome de 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérieur des États-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. 417-429; v. 88 420. Catalogo - Gilbert 1998:234. Sjnonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN valida. Opinioni - Nomenclatura valida come Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere Lee et al. 1980:591, Smith 1986:298, Robison & Buchanan 1988:366, McAllister 1990:140, Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:180, Page & Burr 1991:267, Boschung 1992:112, Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:63, Etnier & Starnes 1993:410, Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:739, La Rivers 1994:571, Warren et. al. 1994:133, Knight & Hastings 1994:150, Baxter & Stone 1995:228, Stauffer et al. 1995:266, Cross & Collins 1995:192, Mettee et al. 1996:533, Sigler & Sigler 1996:252, Gilbert 1998:234, Scott & Crossman 1998:710, Fuller et al. 1999:360, Lyons et al. 2000:43, Ruiz-Campos et al. 2000:77, Ross et al. 2001:410, Moyle 2002:389, Roe et al. 2002:900, Wydoski & Whitney 2003:177, Bailey et al. 2004:177, Nelson et al. 2004:131, Miller & Robison 2004:302, Boschung & Mayden 2004:450, Mundy 2005:351, , Miller 2006:332, Scharpf 2008:14. Località tipo - Fiume Ohio, U.S.A. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Lepomis cyanella Rafinesque, 1819. Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88. Errore ortografico, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Lepomus cyanellus Rafinesque, 1819. Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88. Errore ortografico, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Calliurus diaphanus Girard, 1858. Notice upon new genera and new species of marine and fresh-water fishes from western North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 9 (n° 15): 200-202. Catalogo - Gilbert 1998:234. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:234. Località tipo - Rio Blanco, Texas, USA. Tipo - Olotipo USNM 374.

Calliurus formosus Girard, 1858. Notice upon new genera and new species of marine and fresh-water fishes from western North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 9 (n° 15): 200-202. Catalogo - Gilbert 1998:235-236. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:235-236. Località tipo - Principalmente nelle acque dolci di Arkansas, USA. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - MCZ 3276 [ex USNM 420] (1); MNHN 0284 [ex USNM 420] (1); USNM 382 (in origine 1, adesso 0), 420 (in origine 6, adesso 0).

Pomotis longulus Baird & Girard, 1853. Descriptions of new species of fishes, collected by captains R. B. Marcy, and Geo. B. M'Clellan, in Arkansas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6: 390-392. Catalogo - Gilbert 1998:240 con un olotipo. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:240. Località tipo - Torrente Otter, affluente del Red River a North Fork, contea di Kiowa o Tillman, a sudovest di Oklahoma, Arkansas, U.S.A. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - USNM 404 (1) [possibile olotipo], ?407 (4).

Icthelis melanops Rafinesque, 1820. Ichthyologia Ohiensis [Part 2]. Western Revue and Miscellaneous Magazine v. 1 (n° 6): 361-377. Descritto come vicino al sottogenere Telopomis, ma catalogato come sopra. Anche in Rafinesque 1820:28. Catalogo - Gilbert 1998:241. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:241. Località tipo - Affluenti del fiume Ohio, Kentucky, Fiumi Licking e Miami, USA. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Calliurus microps Girard, 1858. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 9 (n° 15). Catalogo - Gilbert 1998:242. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:242. Località tipo - Rio Brazos, Texas, U.S.A. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - USNM 413 (in origine 6, adesso 0), 414 (in origine 6, adesso 5).

Bryttus mineopas Cope, 1865. Partial catalogue of the cold-blooded Vertebrata of Michigan. Part II. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 17: 78-88. Catalogo - Böhlke 1984:38, Gilbert 1998:242. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:242. Località tipo - Minneopa, vicino a Mankato, bacino del fiume Minnesota, Blue Earth County, Minnesota, USA. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - ANSP 13190 (1), 13191-94 (4) Minneopa; MCZ 32811 (1) lago Whittlesey, MNHN 0000-2672 (1).

Calliurus murinus Girard, 1858. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 9 (n° 15). Catalogo - Gilbert 1998:243, con commenti su un possibile lectotipo e sulle implicazioni derivanti. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:243. Località tipo - Texas, USA. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - MCZ 35956 [ex USNM 417] (1); USNM 415 (1), 416 (2), 417 (in origine 4, adesso 3), 418 (1).

Bryttus signifer Girard, 1858. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 9 (n° 15). Catalogo - Böhlke 1984:39, Gilbert 1998:249 con informazioni sulla località tipo. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni -Sinonimo di Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 1819, vedere La Rivers 1994:571, Gilbert 1998:249. Località tipo - Rio Medina, Texas, USA. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - (originariamente tutti USNM 422) ANSP 13187 (1), MCZ 3109 (1), MNHN 0285 (1), USNM 422 (in origine 6, adesso 2).

 

 

Fonti bibliografiche principali - Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico.. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. Pagina: 267-268, 404.

 

 

Distribuzione europea di Lepomis cyanellus

 
?

 

Specie diffusa in Nord America: Grandi Laghi, bacini fluviali della baia di Hudson e del Mississippi da New York e dall'Ontario fino al Minnesota, al Sud Dakota ed sud al golfo del Messico; dal fiume Escambia in Florida e dalla baia di Mobile in Georgia ed Alabama fino al Rio Grande in Texas, ed al Messico settentrionale. Il persico smeraldo è stato introdotto in molti paesi. In Europa la specie non sembra si sia acclimatata, viene periodicamente segnalata in alcune località della Germania ma le osservazioni necessitano di conferma.

 

 

Introduzioni di Lepomis cyanellus
Periodo Provenienza Paese ospite Acclimatazione

non conosciuto

USA

Zambia

si

non conosciuto

ignota

Hawaii

probabile

non conosciuto

USA

Marocco

si

non conosciuto

USA

Kenia

non conosciuta

non conosciuto

USA

Giappone

no

non conosciuto

USA

Germania

si

non conosciuto

USA

Congo

probabile no

1930 - 1939

USA

Brasile

si

1939

Sud Africa

Swaziland

si

1939

USA

Sud Africa

non conosciuta

1940

Sud Africa

Zimbabwe

no

1950

California, USA

Filippine

si

1950

USA

Mauritius

si

1954

USA

Madagascar

no

1969

Giappone

Corea

si

1999

USA

Cina

non conosciuta

 

 

Bibliografia - Anonymous 1996. Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum.

Anonymous 1999. Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)).

Anonymous 2000. Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL).

Anonymous 2000. Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Anonymous 2000. The ichthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH).

Anonymous 2001. Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution).

Anonymous 2001. Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen.

Anonymous 2002. Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History.

Anonymous 2002. Fish collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum.

Anonymous 2003. Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum.

Arkhipchuk, V.V. 1999. Chromosome database.

Bailey, R.M. & K.F. Lagler 1938. An analysis of hybridization in a population of stunted sunfishes in New York

Becac, W., M.L. Becac & S. Ohno 1966. Intraindividual chromosomal polymorphism in green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) as an evidence of somatic segregation.

Breder, C.M. & D.E. Rosen 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes.

Carl, H. 2003. Danish fish names.

Carlander, K.D. 1977. Handbook of freshwater fishery biology, volume 2.

Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2003. Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database.

Coad, B.W. 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes.

Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt & C.K. Minns 2001. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes.

Contreras-Balderas, S. & M.A. Escalante-C. 1984. Distribution and known impacts of exotic fishes in Mexico.

Cross, J.N. 1985. Distribution of fish in the Virgin River, a tributary of the lower Colorado River.

Dawley, R.M., J.H. Graham & R.J. Schultz 1985. Triploid progeny of pumkinessed x green sunfish hybrids.

Eaton, J.G., J.H. McCormick, B.E. Goodno, D.G. O'Brien, H.G. Stefany, M. Hondzo & R.M. Scheller 1995. A field information-based system for estimating fish temperature tolerances.

Etnier, D.A. & W.C. Starnes 1993. The fishes of Tennessee.

Flower, M.S.S. 1925. Contributions to our knowledge of the duration of life in vertebrate animals - I. Fishes.

Gyldenholm, A.O. & J.J. Scheel 1974. Chromosome numbers of fishes. I.

Hassan-Williams, C. & T.H. Bonner. Photographs by C. Thomas 2007. Texas freshwater fishes.

Hoffman, J.M. 1955. Age and growth of the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque, in the Niangua Arm of the Lake of the Ozarks.

Horkel, J.D. & W.D. Pearson 1976. Effects of turbidity on ventilation rates and oxygen consumption of green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus.

Hugg, D.O. 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America.

Hureau, J.-C. 1991. La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum.

IGFA 2001. Database of IGFA angling records until 2001.

International Game Fish Association 1991. World record game fishes.

Jenkins, R.E. & N.M. Burkhead 1993. Freshwater fishes of Virginia.

Jenkins, R.M. 1955. A summary of fish population studies conducted during 1954 at Ardmore City Lake, Stringtown Sub-Prison Lake, Fairfax City Lake, and Pawhuska City Lake.

Juliano, R.O., R.D. Guerrero III & I. Ronquillo 1989. The introduction of exotic aquatic species in the Philippines.

Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche & H. Greven 1995. Database of fish chromosomes.

Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes.

Lever, C. 1996. Naturalized fishes of the world.

Lewis, W.M. & D. Elder 1953. The fish population of the headwaters of a spotted bass stream in southern Illinois.

Lieb, C.S. 2000. Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Rio Grande drainage, Dona Ana, El Paso, and Hudspeth counties.

Lyons, J., G. González-Hernandéz, E. Soto-Galera & M. Guzmán-Arroyo 1998. Decline of freshwater fishes and fisheries in selected drainages of west-central Mexico.

Ma, X., X. Bangxi, W. Yindong & W. Mingxue 2003. Intentionally introduced and transferred fishes in China's inland waters.

Manna, G.K. 1989. Fish cytogenetics related to taxonomy, evolution and monitoring aquatic genotoxic agents.

Missouri Department of Conservation 2008. Fish of Missouri.

Monnerjahn, U. 1999. Freshwater fishes of Germany.

Mundy, B.C. 2005. Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology.

Muus, B.J. & P. Dahlström 1968. Süßwasserfische.

Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea & J.D. Williams 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Ohno, S. & N.B. Atkin 1966. Comparative DNA values and chromosome complements of eight species of fishes.

Page, L.M. & B.M. Burr 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico.

Qi, C, Y. Zhang, P. Wu, Z. Huang & Y. Li. 1993. Karyotype analysis of three sunfishes.

Ragland, C.J. & J.R. Gold 1989. Genome size variation in the North American sunfish genus Lepomis (Pisces: Centrarchidae).

Riehl, R. & H.A. Baensch 1991. Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1.

Riehl, R. & H.A. Baensch 1996. Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition.

Roberts, F.L. 1964. A chromosome study of twenty species of Centrarchidae.

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea & W.B. Scott 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada.

Ruhr, C.E. 1952. Fish population of a mining pit lake, Marion County, Iowa.

Seegers, L., L. De Vos & D.O. Okeyo 2003. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Kenya (excluding the lacustrine haplochromines from Lake Victoria).

Small, J.W. Jr. 1975. Energy dynamics of benthic fishes in a small Kentucky stream.

Sprugel, G. Jr. 1955. The growth of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) in Little Wall Lake, Iowa.

Thurston, R.V. & P.C. Gehrke 1993. Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature.

Timmons, T.J., W.L. Shelton & W.D. Davies 1981. Food of largemouth bass before and during the first three years after impoundment of west point reservoir, Alabama abd Georgia.

Toots, H. 1970. Exotic fishes in Rhodesia.

Vadas, Robert L. 1990. The importance of omnivory and predator regulation of prey in freshwater fish assemblages of North America.

Vasil'ev, V.P. 1980. Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish.

Welcomme, R.L. 1988. International introductions of inland aquatic species.

Wheeler, A. 1977. Das grosse Buch der Fische.

Whitaker, J.O. Jr. 1974. Foods of some fishes from the White River at Petersburg, Indiana.

Wright, Y.E. 1951. Age and growth of the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque, in northern Utah.

Yamamoto, M.N. 1992. Occurrence, distribution and abundance of accidentally introduced freshwater aquatic organisms in Hawaii.

 


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