Il persico reale, Perca fluviatilis 

Linnaeus, 1758

Nomi dialettali italiani - Veneto - Persego, Persec, Zebra, Pesse persero. Lombardia - Pes persic, Pes persech, Pes persigh, Guelb, Berton, Bertuscell, Bandirolo. Piemonte - Pes pasi, Pess persic, Pesc persi, Pess perssi, Perca. Liguria - Pes persic Emilia. Romagna - Pes persec, Pes persegh, Persic, Persegeín, Pàs perseg, Pes persog. Campania - Cerchia. Sicilia - Precchia di sciumi. Sardegna - Pisci persicu.

Nomi comuni esteri - Inglese - Perch, English perch, Eurasian perch, European perch, Reddie, Redfin, Redfin perch, River perch. Francese - Perche, Perche européenne, Perche fluviatile, Barsch, Boyat, Brell, Cochonnet, Hurlin, Jôlerie, Perchat, Perchaude, Percho, Perchot, Perco, Percot. Tedesco - Flussbarsch, Flußbarsch, Akpauz, Akpuz, Anbeiss, Anpass, Bantz, Barsch, Barschig, Barsching, Barsig, Beerschke, Bersch, Berschinger, Berschke, Berschling, Berse, Bersich, Berster, Bertsch, Boars, Bors, Bundelbarsch, Buntbarsch, Bürsch, Bürschling, Bürstel, Bürstling, Bärling, Bärs, Bärsch, Bärschke, Bärschling, Bärsig, Börs, Börsch, Börschling, Egli, Graubarsch, Heuerling, Hürling, Jagebarsch, Kieferwurm, Knetzer, Krautbarsch, Kretzer, Krätzer, Netzkretzer, Peerschke, Persching, Persing, Pirschling, Pirsing, Pischling, Pärschke, Pörsch, Pörsching, Pörschke, Rerling, Sandkrätzer, Schnaz, Schranzen, Schratz, Schratzen, Schrotzen, Streifbarsch, Tiefenbarsch, Zockkrätzer, Zogkretzer. Spagnolo - Perca europea. Portoghese - Perca-europeia, Perca. Irlanda - An phéirse mhara, Peirse. Olanda - Baars. Danimarca - Aborre, Almindelig Aborre, Europæisk aborre. Svezia - Abborre. Norvegia - Abbor, Åbor. Finlandia - Ahven. Islanda - Aborri. Polonia - Okon. Federazione Russa - Okunʹ, rechnoĭ okunʹ, Obyknovennyĭ okunʹ, Obyknovennyi okun'. Ucraina - Rechnoi okun. Repubblica Ceca - Okoun rícní, Okoun rícní, Ostriez. Repubblica Slovacca - Ostriež. Ungheria - Sügér. Romania - Biban, Costrâş. Bulgaria - Kostur, Rechen kostur. Repubblica di Macedonia - Ostriz. Grecia - Prikí, Pérka, Chaní, Kakoxýstra, Perkí, Pérca chaní, Perki. Albania - Sharmak, Sharmaku, Sharroku. Serbia - Grgec. Turchia - Tatlisu levregi, Tatlisulevregi baligi. Iran - Bacheh Suf, Soof-e-hajitarkhan, Suf Haji Tarkhan, Mahi Suf Rudkhaneh-y, Mahi-ye Khardar, Suf Rudkhaneh-ye.

Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824. Forse intenzionalmente abbreviato in fluvialis da Cuvier 1829:132. Vedi note sistematiche in Kottelat 2006:59-60. Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Nomenclatura specifica valida come Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Berg 1949:1032, Collette & Bănărescu 1977:1452, Coad 1981:16, Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:174, Paxton et al. 1989:561, Paulin et al. 1989:179, Oliva et al. 1989:214, Shcherbuka 1992:25, Skelton 1993:289, Coad 1995:27, Zhu 1995:172, McDowall in McDowall 1996:183, Chereshnev 1996:606, Coad 1996:86, Chilcott & Humphries 1996:147, Kottelat 1997:172, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:749, Coad 1998:103, Morgan et al. 1998:43, Popova 1998:118, Azeroual et al. 2000:20, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:47, Chereshnev et al. 2001:123, Hutchins 2001:32, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:201, Sideleva 2001:56, Skelton 2001:289, Allen et al. 2002:368, Fedorov et al. 2003:132, Sideleva 2003:11, Hanel 2003:63, Parin 2003:S4, Hammer & Walker 2004:91, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:205, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:177, Hanel & Lusk 2005:355, Kottelat 2006:59, Ocock et al. 2006:59, Paxton et al. 2006:1080, Fricke 2007:29, Fricke et al. 2007:81, McPhail 2007:000, Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:171. Località tipo - Europa. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - BMNH 1853.11.12.3 coll. Gronovius (1, pelle), LS 1 (mezza pelle sinistra). Catalogo illustrato dei tipi - Wheeler 1958:219, Wheeler 1985:52.

Perca fluviatilus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 289. Errore ortografico, nomenclatura non valida secondo i criteri ICZN.

Perca vulgaris var. aurata Fitzinger, 1832. Ueber die Ausarbeitung einer Fauna des Erzherzogthumes Oesterreich, nebst einer systematischen Aufzählung der in diesem Lande vorkommenden Säugethiere, Reptilien und Fische.... Beitraege zur Landesk. von Oesterreich v. 1: 280-340. Nomenclatura non disponibile, descrizione priva di caratteristiche distintive, non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Provenienza del materiale esaminato - Fiumi Danubio, Leytha e Schwarza, lago Traunsee, Austria.

Perca fluviatilis var. aurea Smitt, 1893. A history of Scandinavian fishes, by B. Fries, C. U. Ekström, and C. Sundevall. 2nd edition, revised and completed by F. A. Smitt. Stockholm & London, 1893-95. v. 1 (1893): 1-566 + i-viii; v. 2 (1895):567-1240. Plates: part 1:1-27, part 2:27-53. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Forse può essere trattato come infrasubspecifico non disponibile vedere Kottelat 1997:172). Opinioni sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Località tipo - Bacino del lago Mälaren, Svezia. Tipo - Olotipo NRM 35750.

Perca fluviatilis var. gibba Smitt, 1893. A history of Scandinavian fishes, ..., 29, 30, Fig. 3 - 4. Nomenclatura considerata infrasubspecifica non disponibile, non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173.

Perca helvetica Gronow, 1854. In Gray. Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow, now in the British Museum. London. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Wheeler 1958:219, Kottelat 1997:173. Località tipo - Nei pressi di Basilea, Svizzera. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - BMNH 1853.11.12.2 coll. Gronovius (1, pelle). Catalogo illustrato dei tipi - Wheeler 1958:219 ma come olotipo.

Perca fluviatilis intermedius Svetovidov & Dorofeeva, 1963. Systematics, origin, and history of the distribution of the Eurasian and North American perches and pikeperches (genera Perca, Lucioperca, and Stizostedion). Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 3 (4, 29): 625-651. Diagnosi e nuovo nome nella chiave di riconoscimento, olotipo citato a piè di pagina. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173, Kottelat 2006:59. Località tipo - Fiume Kolyma, Siberia, Russia. Tipo - Olotipo ZIN 23998.

Perca italica, Cuvier 1828. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome second. Livre Troisième. Des poissons de la famille des perches, ou des percoïdes. Volume 2: i-xxi + 2 pp. + 1-490, Pls. 9-40. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Località tipo - Bologna, Italia. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - MNHN 0000-6570 (2). Catalogo illustrato dei tipi - Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:82.

Perca fluviatilis var. macedonica Karaman, 1924. [Pisces Macedoniae. Split (Hrvatska Stamparija). Pisces Macedoniae.: 1-90. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Località tipo - Fiume Vadar River a Veles, Lago Dojran, Repubblica di Macedonia. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - (molti) IEBMT.

Perca fluviatilis var. maculata Smitt, 1893. A history of Scandinavian fishes, by B. Fries, C. U. Ekström, and C. Sundevall. 2nd edition, revised and completed by F. A. Smitt. Stockholm & London, 1893-95. v. 1 (1893): 1-566 + i-viii; v. 2 (1895):567-1240. Plates: part 1:1-27, part 2:29, 30, Fig. 5. Forse nome infrasubspecifico non disponibile (vedere Kottelat 1997:172). Se considerato disponibile sarebbe oggettivamente non valido; già occupato da Perca maculata Bloch 1792. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Località tipo - Lago Tisaren, Nerike (Närke), Svezia. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - ?NRM 35749 (1).

Perca fluviatilis var. nigrescens Heckel, 1837. Ichthyologische Beiträge zu den Familien der Cottoiden, Scorpaenoiden, Gobioiden und Cyprinoiden. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2 (n° 1): 142-164, Pls. 8-9. Nomenclatura non disponibile, descrizione priva di caratteristiche distintive, non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Provenienza del materiale esaminato - Fiume Marizza R. vicino a Philippoli in Rumelia, Bulgaria.

Perca vulgaris Schaeffer, 1761. [Piscium Bavarico-Ratisbonensium pentas. Cum tabulis iv. Aeri incisis icones coloribus suis distinctas exhibentibus.; ref. 3910] Nomenclatura considerata non disponibile, lavoro giudicato non binomiale come Schaeffer 1760. Specie descritta col nome di "vvlgaris" a causa deglli antichi caratteri di stampa ed equivale a  Asper vulgaris. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:172. Località tipo - Fiume Danubio, a Regensburg, Batavia, Germania. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Perca vulgaris Schrank, 1792. Nähere Bestimmung dreier Barscharten. Abh. Privatges. Naturforsch. Oekonom. Oberdeutschland. v. 1: 98-103. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Località tipo - Regensburg, Germania. Tipo - Nessuno. Sinonimi -  ZSM (vecchia collezione distrutta nella seconda guerra mondiale). Catalogo illustrato dei tipi - Neumann 2006:278.

Perca vulgaris Fitzinger, 1832. Ueber die Ausarbeitung einer Fauna des Erzherzogthumes Oesterreich, nebst einer systematischen Aufzählung der in diesem Lande vorkommenden Säugethiere, Reptilien und Fische.... Beitraege zur Landesk. von Oesterreich v. 1: 280-340. Basato su fonti di letteratura. Nome oggettivamente non valido; già occupato da Perca vulgaris Schrank 1792. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173. Località tipo - Regensburg, Germania; Austria; fiumi Danubio, Leytha e Schwarza; Lago Traunsee; Austria. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Perca fluviatilis zaissanica Dianov, 1955 (data incerta). The Lake Zaisan perch. Dissertation, Institute of Zoology Akademia Nauk Kazakhstan. Originale non visionato. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:173, Kottelat 2006:59 [ref. 28831]). Sottospecie non chiaramente riconosciuta, vedere Reshetnikov et al. 1997:749. Località tipo - Lago Zaissan, Kazakhstan. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Fonti bibliografiche principali - Kottelat M. and J. Freyhof 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyof, Berlin, Germany. Pagina 530 - 531.

Bibliografia - Adrianov, V.B. 1937. An attempt at a comparative study of the blood of freshwater fishes.

Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley & M. Allen 2002. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia.

Alm, G. 1952. Year class fluctuations and span of life of perch.

Altman, P.L. & D.S. Dittmer (ed.) 1971. Respiration and circulation.

Andriyashev, A.P. & N.V. Chernova 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters.

Anonymous 1996. Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum.

Anonymous 1997. Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa.

Anonymous 1999. Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)).

Anonymous 1999. Systematic list of Estonian fishes.

Anonymous 2000. Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Anonymous 2000. Systematisk liste over norske fisk registert pr. 1997.

Anonymous 2001. Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution).

Anonymous 2001. Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen.

Anonymous 2002. Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History.

Anonymous 2002. Fish collection of the Royal British Columbia Museum.

Anonymous 2003. Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum.

Arkhipchuk, V.V. 1999. Chromosome database.

Arthington, A.H. & F. McKenzie 1997. Review of impacts of displaced/introduced fauna associated with inland waters.

Arthington, A.H. 1989. Impacts of introduced and translocated freshwater fishes in Australia.

Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management 2011. Checklist of species in Austria.

Auvinen, H. 1987. Growth, mortality and management of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L. s.l.), vendace (Coregonus albula L.), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) and perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in Lake Pyhäjärvi (Karelia).

Azeroual, A., A.J. Crivelli, A. Yahyaoui & M. Dakki 2000. L'ichtyofaune des eaux continentales du Maroc.

Azevedo, J.M.N., M.M.C.S. Leitão, I. Borges, R. Moreira & R. Patrício 2004. Ensaio de Quantificação de Fauna Piscícola de Lagoas em São Miguel ( Açores).

Backiel, T. & J. Zawisza 1988. Variations of fecundity of roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) in polish lakes.

Baillie, J. & B. Groombridge (ed.) 1996. 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals.

Bainbridge, R. 1958. The speed of swimming as related to size and to the frequency and amplitude of the tail beat.

Bakardjiev, I. (comp.) 2001. List of Bulgarian common names.

Barsiene, J.V. 1983. Cytogenetic studies of Lithuanian fishes.

Bartley, D.M. (comp./ed.) 2006. Introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture: information for responsible use and control (CD-ROM).

Baruš, V. & O. Oliva (ed.) 1995. Mihulovci a ryby. Fauna R a SR. (Cyclostomata and fishes. Fauna of Czech Republic and Slovakia).

Bauchot, R. & M.L. Bauchot 1978. Coefficient de condition et indice pondéral chez les téléostéens.

Berg, L.S. 1965. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition.

Beverton, R.J.H. & S.J. Holt 1959. A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics.

Bianco, P.G. & V. Ketmaier 2001. Anthropogenic changes in the freshwater fish fauna of Italy, with reference to the central region and Barbus graellsii, a newly established alien species of Iberian origin.

Billard, R. 1997. Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces.

Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu & J.-C. Hureau 1971. European inland water fish. A multilingual catalogue.

Blazek, V., J. Celadín & M. Betákova 2004. Old Prussian fish-names.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. An overview of nonindigenous fishes in inland waters of Russia.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Amur River Drainage Area in Russia.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Baikal Lake.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Don River Drainage Area.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Kuban River Drainage Area.

Bogutskaya, N.G. & A.M. Naseka 2002. REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Volga River Drainage Area.

Bogutskaya, N.G. 2002. Common names of Russian freshwater fishes.

Bogutskaya, N.G. 2005. Compilation of 70 ecoregion in Russia with about 700 species.

Boldor, S. 1963. Date asupra fecunditatii bibanului (Perca fluviatilis L.) din Delta Dunarii.

Borbori, D.C., P.S. Economidis & E.G. Maurakis 2001. Freshwater fish habitat science and management in Greece.

Bozhko, S.I., A. Horvath & B. Meszaros 1976. Négy magyarországi pontyféle kariológiai feldolgozása (Karyological examinations for four species of Cyprinidae from Hungary).

Bozhko, S.I., B. Meszaros & E. Tóth 1978. The karyological studies on some species of Percidae.

Brämick, U., U. Rothe, H. Schuhr, M. Tautenhahn, U. Thiel, C. Wolter & S. Zahn 1998. Fische in Brandenburg.

Breder, C.M. & D.E. Rosen 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes.

Brzezinski, M, J. Romanowski, L. Kopczynski & E. Kurowicka 2006. Habitat and seasonal variations in diet of otters, Lutra lutra in eastern Poland.

Buijse, A.D., W.L.T. van Densen & L.A. Schaap 1992. Year-class strength of eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis and pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca in relation to stock size, water temperature and wind in Lake Ijssel, the Netherlands, 1966-1989.

Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung 2003. Verzeichnis der Handelsbezeichnungen für Erzeugnisse der Fischerei und der Aquakultur.

Byczkowska-Smyk, W. 1957. The respiratory surface of the gills in teleosts. I. The respiratory surface of the gills in the flounder (Pleuronectes platessa) and perch (Perca fluviatilis).

Carl, H. 2003. Danish fish names.

Chadderton, W.L., N. Grainger & T. Dean 2003. Appendix 1 - Prioritising control of invasive freshwater fish.

Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2003. Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database.

Class, G.P., B. Ludgate & R.J. Goldsmith 2003. Controlling European perch (Perca fluviatilis): lessons from an experimental removal.

Coad, B.W. 2003. Freshwater fishes of Iran: checklists of Farsi names.

Collette, B.B., M.A. Ali, K.E.F. Hokanson, M. Nagiec, S.A. Smirnov, J.E. Thorpe, A.H. Weatherly & J. Willemsen 1977. Biology of the percids.

Craig, J.F. 1980. Growth and production of the 1955 to 1972 cohorts of perch, Perca fluviatilis L, in Windermere.

Craig, J.F. 2000. Percid fishes: systematics, ecology and exploitation. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

Craig, J.F., C. Kipling, E.D. Le Cren & J. McCormack 1979. Estimates of the numbers, biomass and year-class strengths of perch Perca fluviatilis L. in Windermere from 1967 to 1977 and some comparisons with earlier years.

Dabrowski, K. 1975. Point of no return in the early life of fishes. An energetic attempt to define the food minimum.

de Moor, I.J. & M.N. Bruton 1988. Atlas of alien and translocated indigenous aquatic animals in southern Africa. A report of the Committee for Nature Conservation Research National Programme for Ecosystem Research.

Dhora, D. 2010. Regjistër I specieve të faunës së Shqipërisë 2010. Registro delle specie della fauna albanese 2010.

Dhora, D.H. 2008 Fjalor i emrave të kafshëve të Shqipërisë (Emri shkencor - Shqip - Anglisht) / Dictionary of animal names of Albania (Scientific names - Albanian - English).

Dulmaa, A. 1999. Fish and fisheries in Mongolia.

Economidis, P.S. & E. Koutrakis 2001. Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms.

Economidis, P.S. 1973. Catalogue of the fishes of Greece.

Economidis, P.S. 1991. Check list of freshwater fishes of Greece (recent status of threats and protection).

Economidis, P.S., E. Dimitriou, R. Pagoni, E. Michaloudi & L. Natsis 2000. Introduced and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Greece.

Elvira, B. 1995. Native and exotic freshwater fishes in Spanish river basins.

Elvira, B. 1998. Impact of introduced fish on the native freshwater fish fauna of Spain.

Eschmeyer, W.N. 1990. Catalog of the genera of recent fishes.

FAO 1992. FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings, volume 74.

FAO 1996. Aquaculture production statistics 1985-1994.

FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service 1991. Aquaculture production (1986-1989).

FAO-FIES 2008. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list.

FAO-FIES 2010. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list.

Federova, G.V. & K.S. Drozzhina 1982. Daily feeding rhythm of pike-perch, Stizostedion lucioperca and perch, Perca fluviatilis from Lake Ladoga.

Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov & V.V. Volobuev 2003. Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk.

Fijan, N. 1999. Spring viraemia of carp and other viral diseases and agents of warm-water fish.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992. FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings.

Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Perca fluviatilis. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Frier, J.-O. 1994. Danmark. Danske ferskvandsfisk og deres udbredelsesområde.

Frimodt, C. 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish.

Gandolfi, G., S. Zerunian, P. Torricelli & A. Marconato (ed.) 1991. I pesci delle acque interne italiane.

Garibaldi, L. 1996. List of animal species used in aquaculture.

Gerstmeier, R. & T. Romig 1998. Die Süßwasserfische Europas: für Naturfreunde und Angler.

Geyer, F. & H. Mann 1939. Contributions to fish respiration.

Giles, N., M. Street & R.M. Wright 1990. Diet composition and prey preferences of tench, Tinca tinca (L.), common bream, Abramis brama (L.), perch, Perca fluviatilis L. and roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), in two contrasting gravel pit lakes: potential trophic overlap….

Günther, A. 1853. Die Fische des Neckars.

Guti, G. 1993. Mortality, growth and diet of perch Perca fluviatilis L. in the Cikola branch system of the Szigetköz area, River Danube.

Hanel, L. 1990. The length and weight growth changes of the common perch (Perca fluviatilis, Pisces, Perciformes) from the Slapy reservoir (central Bohemia).

Hanel, L. 2003. Komentovaný prehled mihulí a ryb ceské republiky.

Hanel, L. 2003. The ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: development and present state.

Hartmann, G.L. 1827. Helvetische Ichthyologie, oder ausführliche Naturgeschichte der in der Schweiz sich vorfindenden Fische.

Hartmann, J. 1995. The difficulty of tracing the effects of climate change on the fishes of Lake Constance.

Heibo, E. & L.A. Vøllestad 2002. Life-history variation in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in five neighbouring Norwegian lakes.

Hesselio, M.P. 1675. Hertzfliessende Betrachtungen von dem Elbe-Strom.

Hlavácek, M. 1983. Rust a stárí okouna rícního ve vodárenské nádrizi Rímov.

Hnatevic, B. 1960. Das Wachstum des Barches (Perca fluviatilis L.) in dem Orava-Staubecken (Slowakei).

Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton & G.R. Allen 2006. Fishes.

Holcík, J., P. Banarescu & D. Evans 1989. General introduction to fishes.

Houde, E.D. & C.E. Zastrow 1993. Ecosystem- and taxon-specific dynamic and energetics properties of fish larvae assemblages.

Hughes, G.M. & M. Morgan 1973. The structure of fish gills in relation to their respiratory function.

Hureau, J.-C. 1991 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum.

Hutchison, M.J. & P.H. Armstrong 1993. The invasion of a south-western Australian river system by Perca fluviatilis: history and probable causes.

Huusko, A. & T. Sutela 1992. Fish predation on vendace (Coregonus albula L.) larvae in Lake Lentua, Northern Finland.

Huusko, A. 1990. Kuusinkijoen kalatalousselvitys. (Study on the fisheries of the River Kuusinkijoki).

Iacob, L. & I. Dima 2006. Regnul Animalia.

IGFA 2001. Database of IGFA angling records until 2001.

Innal, D. & F. Erk'akan 2006. Effects of exotic and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Turkey.

Iranian Fisheries Company and Iranian Fisheries Research Organization 2000. Fishes of the Caspian Sea (Iranian waters).

IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org.

Ivanova, M.T. 1939. The respiration of various species of fishes of the Moscow River in the region of Zvenigorod.

Jamet, J.L. 1994. Feeding activity of adult roach (Rutilis rutilus (L.)), perch (Perca fluvialitis L.) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.)) in eutrophic lake Aydat (France).

Kamilov, G. & Z.U. Urchinov 1995. Fish and fisheries in Uzbekistan under the impact of irrigated agriculture.

Keith, P. & J. Allardi (coord.) 2001. Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France.

Khlopnikov, M.M. 1992. Feeding of predatory fishes in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea.

Kleanthidis, P.K. & K.I. Stergiou 2006. Growth parameters and length-length relationships of Greek freshwater fishes.

Kleanthidis, P.K., A.I. Sinis & K.I. Stergiou 2000. Length-weight relationships of Hellenic freshwater fishes.

Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche & H. Greven 1995. Database of fish chromosomes.

Klinkhardt, M. & B. Buuk 1991. Karyologische Studien en verschiedenen Süwasserfischarten aus brackigen Küstemgewässern der südwestlichen Ostsee: IV. Der Barsch (Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758).

Kogan, A.V., N.P. Nekrasova & I.K. Popova 1980. Feeding peculiarities of the young of the roach, Rutilus rutilus and perch, Perca fluviatilis, during downstream migration.

Koli, L. 1990. Suomen kalat. Pesci di Finlandia.

Konurbaev, A.O. & Timirkhanov S.R. 2003. Looking at fishes in Kyrgyzia. Central Asia.

Kottelat, M. & T. Whitten 1996. Freshwater biodiversity in Asia, with special reference to fish.

Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes.

Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland.

Koutrakis, E.T., A.K. Kokkinakis, E.A. Eleftheriadis & M.D. Argyropoulou 2000. Seasonal changes in distribution and abundance of the fish fauna in the two estuarine systems of Strymonikos gulf (Macedonia, Greece).

Kristo, R. 2001. List of freshwater, brackish and marine common names of Albania.

Krizenecky, J. 1940. Zur Frage des Geschlechterverhältnisses beim Flußbarsch (Perca fluviatilis L.).

Kudrinskaya, O.I. 1969. Metabolic rate in the larvae of pike-perch, perch, carp-bream and roach.

Kudrinskaya, O.M. 1970. Food and temperature as factors affecting the growth, development and survival of pike-perch and perch larvae.

Kullander, S.O. 1999. Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes.

Landbrugs -og Fiskeriministeriet 1995. Fiskeriårbogen 1996. Årbog for den danske fiskerflåde.

Le Cren, E.D. 1992. Exceptionally big individual perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and their growth.

Leeke, P.B. 2002. List of common names of fishes in Portugal.

Lever, C. 1996. Naturalized fishes of the world.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.

Lohnisky, K. 1960. Rust okouna rícního (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) ve Slapské údolní prehrade.

Lojkásek, B. 1986. Rust okouna rícního (Perca fluviatilis) ve vodárenské nádrzi Sance.

Lorenzoni, M., G. Giovinazzo & M. Mearelli 1996. Accrescimento di Perca fluviatilis L. in due laghi umbri (L. Trasimeno e L. Piediluco).

Lorenzoni, M., G. Giovinazzo, M. Mearelli & M. Natali 1993. Growth and biology of perch (Perca fluviatilis L) in Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy).

Lucentini, L., R. Erra, G. Giovinazzo, M. Lorenzoni & M. Mearelli 1998. Fluctuating asymmetry in Perca fluviatilis from three lakes of central Italy (Percidae).

Lusk, S. & L. Hanel 2000. The Red List of lampreys and fishes in the Czech Republic - Versione 2000.

Ma, X., X. Bangxi, W. Yindong & W. Mingxue 2003. Intentionally introduced and transferred fishes in China's inland waters.

Machacek, H. (ed.) 2006. World Records Freshwater Fishing.

Machacek, H. (ed.) 2009. World Records Freshwater Fishing.

Magnan, A. 1930. Les caractéristiques géométriques et physiques des poissons.

Maitland, P.S. & R.N. Campbell 1992. Freshwater fishes of the British Isles.

Manna, G.K. 1989. Fish cytogenetics related to taxonomy, evolution and monitoring aquatic genotoxic agents.

Mayr, B., M. Kalat, P. Ráb & M. Lambrou 1987. Band karyotypes and specific types of heterochromatin in several species of European percid fishes (Percidae, Pisces).

Mayr, B., P. Ráb & M. Kalat 1985. Localization of NORs and counterstained enhanced fluorescence studies in Perca fluviatilis (Pisces, Percidae).

McDowall, R.M. 1984. Exotic fishes: The New Zealand experience.

McDowall, R.M. 1990. Freshwater fishes and fisheries of New Zealand -The angler's el dorado.

McDowall, R.M. 1990. New Zealand freshwater fishes: a natural history and guide.

Muus, B.J. & P. Dahlström 1968. Süßwasserfische.

Muus, B.J. & P. Dahlstrøm 1990. Europas ferskvandsfisk.

Myers, R.A., J. Bridson & N.J. Barrowman 1995. Summary of worldwide spawner and recruitment data.

Native Fish Australia 2003. A taxonomic summary of Australian freshwater fish.

Ndoc, R. & A. Flloko 1995. Iktiofauna e Shqiperise.

Near, T.J. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of Percina (Percidae: Etheostomatinae).

Neophitou, C. 1993. Ecological study of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in Lake Doirani.

Nigrelli, R.F. 1959. Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium.

Nijssen, H. & S.J. de Groot 1974. Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands.

Nikol'skii, G.V. 1961. Special ichthyology.

Nikolsky, G.W. 1957. Spezielle Fischkunde.

Novikova, T.V. 1939. The influence of the active reaction of the medium on the respiration of carp and perch.

Nursall, J.R. 1962. Swimming and the origin of paired appendages.

Nyberg, P. 1973. Production and food consumption of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., in two Sweddish forest lakes.

Nygren, A., P. Edlund, U. Hirsch & L. Ahsgren 1968. Cytological studies in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), pike (Esox lucius L.), pike-perch (Lucioperca lucioperca L.), and ruft (Acerina cernua L.).

Ojaveer, E., E. Pihu & T. Saat 2003 Fishes of Estonia. Lusk, S., L. Hanel & V. Lusková 2004. Red List of the ichthyofauna of the Czech Republic: development and present status.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1990. Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products.

Palomares, M.L.D. 1991. La consommation de nourriture chez les poissons: étude comparative, mise au point d'un modèle prédictif et application à l'étude des réseaux trophiques.

Palomares, M.L.D. 1991. La consommatíon de nourriture chez les poissons: étude comparative, mise au point d'un modèle prédictif et application à l'étude des réseaux trophiques.

Papageorgiou, N. 1977. Age and growth of perch, Perca fluviatilis (L.) in the lake of Ag. Vasileios.

Papageorgiou, N. 1977. Fecundity and reproduction of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in Lake Agios Vasilios, Greece.

Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts & P. McMillan 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide.

Pauly, D. 1978. A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters.

Pauly, D. 1980. On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks.

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen & J.E. Hanley 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae.

Pervozvanskiy, V.Y. & V.F. Bugayev 1992. Notes on the ecology of the northern pike, Esox lucius, from the Keret' River (White Sea Basin).

Pinder, A.C. 2001. Keys to larval and juvenile stages of coarse fishes from fresh waters in the British Isles.

Pivnicka, K. 1982. Long-term study of fish populations in the Klícava reservoir.

Plikss, M. 2002. Fish of Latvia.

Porcellotti, S. 2005. Pesci d'Italia, ittiofauna delle acque dolci. Casa Editrice Plan, Firenze.

Rab, P., P. Roth & B. Mayr 1987. Karyotype study of eight species of European percid fishes (Pisces, Percidae).

Randolph, S. & M. Snyder 1993. The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce.

Rass, T.S. 1983. Fish.

Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva & L.I. Sokolov 1997. An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia.

Ribeiro, F., R. Beldade, M. Dix & J. Bochechas 2005. Carta piscícola Nacional Direcçao Geral dos Recursos Florestais-Fluviatilis, Lda.

Ricker, W.E. 1973. Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology.

Riede, K. 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales.

Riehl, R. & H.A. Baensch 1991. Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1.

Riehl, R. & H.A. Baensch 1996. Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition.

Riethe, P. 1991. Das Buch von den Fischen.

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea & W.B. Scott 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada.

Sambilay, V.C. Jr. 1990. Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes.

Sanches, J.G. 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística).

Seafood Services Australia 2004. Austalian Fish Names List.

Shcherbukha, A.Y. 1982. Fauna of Ukraine. Fishes. Perch-like fishes (Perches, wrasses, vives, blennies, sand eels, dragonets, scombrids). (Fauna Ukrainy. Ryby. Okunepodob ni (Okunevydni, gubanovydni, drakonovydni, sobachkovydni, pischankovydni, librovydni, skumbrievydni).

Skrzypczak, A., A. Mamcarz, R. Kujawa, D. Kucharczyk & G. Furgala-Selezniow 1998. Feeding habits of larval Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis (Percidae).

Smolian, K. 1920. Merkbuch der Binnenfischerei.

Sokolov, L.I. & L.S. Berdicheskii 1989. Acipenseridae.

Sokolov, V.E. 1989. Dictionary of animal names in five languages.

Spratte, S & U. Hartmann 1998. Fischartenkataster: Süßwasserfische und Neunaugen in Schleswig-Holstein.

Stebra, G. 1963. Freshwater fishes of the world.

Steen, J.B. & T. Berg 1966. The gills of two species of haemoglobin-free fishes compared to those of other teleosts, with a note on severe anemia in the eel.

Stehlik, J. 1968. The fecundity of perch, Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Klicava water reservoir.

Streltsova, S.V. 1953. Dermal respiration in fishes.

Svabäck, R. & Eklöv, P. 2002. Effect of habitat and food resources on morphology and ontogenetic growth trajectories in perch.

Svardson, G. & T. Wickbom 1939. Notes on the chromosomes of same teleosts Esox lucius L., Lucioperca lucioperca L. and Perca fluviatilis L.

Svátora, M. 1974. Rust okouna rícního (Perca fluviatilis L.) v nekterych údolních nádzrích.

Svátora, M. 1981. Dynamika rybích populací v Záskalské údolní nádrzí.

Svátora, M. 1986. Okoun rícní.

Swedish Museum of Natural History 1999. NRM Ichthyology collection database.

Szarca, A. 1930. Experiments on respiration of the fishes of Lake Balaton.

Teletchea, F., A. Fostier, E. Kamler, J-N. Gardeur, P-Y. Le Bail, B. Jalabert & P. Fontaine 2009. Comparative analysis of reproductive traits in 65 freshwater fish species: application to the domestication of new fish species.

Thiel, R., H. Cabral & M.J. Costa 2003. Composition, temporal changes and ecological guild classification of the ichthyofaunas of large European estuaries - a comparison between the Tagus (Portugal) and the Elbe (Germany).

Thiel, R., T. Mehner, B. Köpcke & R. Kafemann 1996. Diet niche relationship among early life stages of fish in German estuaries.

Thorman, S. & A.-M. Wiederholm 1986. Food, habitat and time niches in a costal fish species assemblage in a brackish water bay in the Bothnian Sea, Sweden.

Thorman, S. 1986. Physical factors affecting the abundance and species richness of fishes in the shallow waters of the southern Bothnian Sea (Sweden).

Thorpe, J.E. 1977. Daily ration of adult perch, Perca fluviatilis L. during summer in Lock Leven, Scotland.

Thorpe, J.E. 1977. Synopsis of biological data on Perca fluviatilis and P. flavescens.

Treasurer, J.W. 1988. The distribution and growth of lacustrine 0+ perch, Perca fluviatilis.

Treasurer, J.W., R. Owen & E. Bowers 1992. The population dynamics of pike, Esox lucius, and perch, Perca fluviatilis, in a simple predator-prey system.

Vasil'ev, V.P. 1980. Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish.

Vehanen, T., P. Hyvärinen & A. Huusko 1998. Food consumption and prey orientation of piscivorous brown trout (Salmo trutta) and pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in a large regulated lake.

von Rapp, W. 1854. Fische des Bodensees.

Vostradovsky, J. 1965. Ichthyofauna údolní nádrze Jesenice v prvych trech letech po napustení.

Vostradovsky, J. 1973. Freshwater fishes.

Walker, K.F. & H.Z. Yang 1999. Fish and fisheries in western China.

Wärn, L. 2001. Fishes of Lake Unden in Sweden.

Welcomme, R.L. 1988. International introductions of inland aquatic species.

Went, A.E.J. 1957. List of Irish fishes.

Wheeler, A. 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles.

Winberg, G.G. 1960. Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes.

Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin & H. Jespersen 2000. Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea.

Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao & C.F. Lai (ed.) 1999 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names.

Yearsley, G.K., P.R. Last & G.B. Morris 1997. Codes for Australian Aquatic Biota (CAAB): an upgraded and expanded species coding system for Australian fisheries databases.

Zardoya, R., D.M. Vollmer, C. Craddock, J.T. Streelman, S. Karl & A. Meyer 1996. Evolutionary conservation of microsatellite flanking regions and their use in resolving the phylogeny of cichlid fishes (Pisces: Perciformes).