Il salmone del Danubio, Hucho hucho

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomi comuni esteri - Francese - Huchon, Huchon du Danube, Saumon du Danube. Spagnolo -  Salmón del Danubio. Portoghese - Salmâo do Danúbio. Inglese- Danube salmon, Huchen, Hunchen. Tedesco - Huchen. Danimarca - Donaulaks. Norvegia - Donaulaks. Svezia - Donaulax. Finlandia - Tonavanjokilohi, Tonavanjokinieriä. Polonia - Glowacica, Glowacica dunajska. Russia - Halawatch, Dunaiskiy taimen', Dunaiskii losos. Ungheria - Dunai galóca. Repobblica Slovacca - Hlavatka. Repubblica Ceca - Hlavatka podunajska. Romania - Lostrita, Puica. Serbia - Mladica. Slovenia - Sulec. Turchia - Alabalik türü.

Hucho hucho Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN valida.

Salmo hucho Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. v. 1: i-ii + 1-824. Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Nomenclatura valida come Hucho hucho (Linnaeus 1758), vedere Berg 1948:292, Lelek 1987:118, Stearley & Smith 1993:20, Holcík 1995, Kottelat 1997:124, Fuller et al. 1999:485, Hanel 2003:58, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:151, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:164, Hanel & Lusk 2005:316, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:396. Località tipo - Baviera ed Austria. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Hucho germanorum Günther, 1866. Catalogue of fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Salmonidae, Percopsidae, Galaxidae, Mormyridae, Gymnarchidae, Esocidae, Umbridae, Scombresocidae, Cyprinodontidae, in the collection of the British Museum. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. v. 6: i-xv + 1-368. Nome menzionato di sfuggita sotto Salmo hucho, nomenclatura ICZN non disponibile, vedere Kottelat 1997:124.

Note sulla sistematica - Hensen & Holcík (1983) considerano la specie Hucho hucho polifiletica divisa in due sottospecie: H. h. hucho, del bacino danubiano, e H. h. taimen (Pallas, 1773), diffuso in Russia dal bacino del fiume Jana fino a quello del fiume Amur. Holcík riconosce due taxon, distinti in base all'osteologia craniale: una linea monofiletica con H. taimen, H. perryi e H. ishikawai (due specie est asiatiche), ed una linea comprendente H. hucho e H. bleeckeri (specie diffusa nel fiume Yangtze). Considerando che ogni taxon è facilmente diagnosticabile, e che tutti occupano aree distinte e non contigue, riteniamo giusto mantenere Hucho hucho distinto da H. taimen.

Note sulla nomenclatura - Linneo (1758) non indica la località tipo per il suo Salmo hucho. La diagnosi fatta da Linneo è basata sul lavoro di Artedi (1738), che a sua volta ha utilizzato il lavoro di Gesner & Willughby. Artedi indica la località tipo come "Viennae, Austriae", che è la località fornita da Willughby. Le osservazioni di Gesner (1558) sono invece basate su materiale proveniente dalla Carinzia e dalla Baviera. Nel lavoro più recente di Berg (1948) è incluso, come materiale in sinonimia con H. hucho, Salmo lossos Günther, 1866 (p. 140; località tipo: Mar Baltico, fiumi Kama, Kolva, Volga, Petschow, Vitchegda e Muilwa, Mar Caspio; i sintipi sono dispersi [il materiale di Salmo hucho del lavoro di Pallas, 1814: 344]) e S. fluviatilis Pallas, 1814 (p. 359; località tipo: tributari dei fiumi Ob e Irts, fiume Lena e suoi affluenti, lago Baikal, Siberia; olotipo conservato al Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitát, Berlino, Germania 23561). Come si intuisce facilmente, nessuna delle località citate coincide con l'area di distribuzione di H. hucho, quindi questo materiale appartiene probabilmente a sinonimi di H. taimen.

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