Il salmone del Danubio, Hucho hucho

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomi comuni esteri - Francese - Huchon, Huchon du Danube, Saumon du Danube. Spagnolo -  Salmón del Danubio. Portoghese - Salmâo do Danúbio. Inglese- Danube salmon, Huchen, Hunchen. Tedesco - Huchen. Danese - Donaulaks. Norvegese - Donaulaks. Svedese - Donaulax. finlandese - Tonavanjokilohi, Tonavanjokinieriä. Polacco - Glowacica, Glowacica dunajska. Russo - Halawatch, Dunaiskiy taimen', Dunaiskii losos. Ungherese - Dunai galóca. Slovacco - Hlavatka. Ceco - Hlavatka podunajska. Rumeno - Lostrita, Puica. Serbo - Mladica. Sloveno - Sulec. Turco - Alabalik türü.

Salmo hucho Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 309. Status: nomenclatura originaria, non valida. Opinioni: nomenclatura valida come "Hucho hucho" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1948:292,, Lelek 1987:118, Stearley & Smith 1993:20, Holcík 1995, Kottelat 1997:124, Fuller et al. 1999:485, Hanel 2003:58, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:151, Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:164. Località tipo: Baviera e Austria. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 309. Status: nomenclatura originaria, valida. specie tipo del genere.

Hucho germanorum Günther. Catalogue of fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Salmonidae, Percopsidae, Galaxidae, Mormyridae, Gymnarchidae, Esocidae, Umbridae, Scombresocidae, Cyprinodontidae, in the collection of the British Museum. Cat. Fishes i-xv + 1-368; v. 6 140. Status: elencato in sinonimia, nome non disponibile, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: nomenclatura non disponibile, in passato il nome è stato mezionato sotto "Salmo hucho", secondo Kottelat 1997:124.

Note sulla sistematica - Hensen & Holcík (1983) considerano la specie Hucho hucho come polifiletica e divisa in due sottospecie: H. h. hucho, del bacino danubiano, e H. h. taimen (Pallas, 1773), diffuso in Russia dal bacino del fiume Jana fino a quello del fiume Amur. Holcík ritiene di riconoscere due taxon distinti in base all'osteologia craniale: una linea monofiletica con H. taimen, H. perryi e H. ishikawai (due specie est asiatiche), ed una linea comprendente H. hucho e H. bleeckeri (specie diffusa nel fiume Yangtze). Considerato però che ogni taxon è facilmente diagnosticabile e che occupano aree distinte e non contigue, riteniamo sia più giusto mantenere Hucho hucho distinto da H. taimen.

Note sulla nomenclatura - Linneo (1758) non indica la località tipo per il suo Salmo hucho. La diagnosi fatta da Linneo è attualmente basata sul lavoro di Artedi (1738), che a sua volta ha utilizzato il lavoro di Gesner & Willughby. Artedi indica la località tipo come "Viennae, Austriae", che è la località fornita da Willughby. Le osservazioni di Gesner (1558) sono invece basate su materiale proveniente dalla Carinzia e dalla Baviera. Nel lavoro più recente di Berg (1948) si include, come materiale in sinonimia con H. hucho, Salmo lossos Günther, 1866 (p. 140; località tipo: Mar Baltico, fiumi Kama, Kolva, Volga, Petschow, Vitchegda e Muilwa, Mar Caspio; i sintipi sembrano essere perduti [il materiale di Salmo hucho del lavoro di Pallas, 1814: 344]) e S. fluviatilis Pallas, 1814 (p. 359; località tipo: tributari dei fiumi Ob e Irts, fiume Lena e suoi affluenti, lago Baikal, Siberia; olotipo è conservato al Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitát, Berlino, Germania 23561). Come si intuisce facilmente, nessuna delle località citate coincide con l'area di distribuzione reale di H. hucho, quindi queste specie nominali devono essere considerate come sinonimi di H. taimen.

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