Il salmerino alpino, Salvelinus alpinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Nomi dialettali italiani - Emilia Romagna - Salmereio. Liguria, Lombardia, Piemonte, Veneto - Salmerin.

Nomi comuni esteri - Fracese - Omble arctique, Omble chevalier. Inglese - Alpine char, Arctic char, Breeder, Char, Charr, Lake char, Sea run trout, Sea trout, Salt-water trout. Gallese - Torgoch. Gaelico - Ruabhreac. Tedesco - Saibling, Schwarzreuter, Seeforelle, Seesaibling, Seesaibling, Wandersaibling. Spagnolo - Trucha alpina, Salvelino. Portoghese - Salvelino-árctico, Truta-das-fontes. Danese - Fjeldørred, Rødding, Røding. Olandese - Beekridder, Riddervis. Svedese - Fjällröding, Röding. Norvegese - Arktisk roye, Röye, Røye, Royr. Islandese - Bleikja. Finnico - Nieriä. Serbo - Barjaktarica, Jezerska zlatovcica, Pastrve. Polacco - Golec, Golec zwyczajny. Russo - Goletz, Arkticheskiy golets. Romeno - Pastrav alpin. Giapponese - Iwana. Lingua Inuit (eschimese) e dialetti - Situajuq, Akalukpik, Angmalook, Aniaq, Aopalayâk, Aoparktulâyoq, Aupalijaat, Eekalook, Egaluk, Ekalluk, Ekaluk, Ekalupik, Ekaluppik, Ekralugak, Eqalugdlukâq, Eqaluk, Eqäluk, Eqalukâkaq, Eqaluqaq, Erlakukpik, Hiwiterro, I ha look, Ihkaluk, Ikalopik, Ikalukpik, Ikalupik, Ikaluq, Ikaluqpik, Iloraq, Ilorarzuk, Iqalugaq, Iqaluk, Iqalukpiaryuk, Iqalukpik, Iqaluppik, Iqluq, Irkaluk, Ivatarak, Iviksarok, Ivisaaruq, Ivisâroq, Ivisaruk, Ivitaaruq, Ivitagok, Ivitaroq, Ivitaruk, Kaîtilik, Kalukpik, Kaloarpok, Kavasilik, Kavisilik, Kisuajuq, Lixtaa, Majuliqtuq, Nutidilik, Nutidleq, Nutiliarjuk, Situliqtuq, Suvaliviniq, Tadlulik, Tariurmiutaq, Tariurmuarunnanngittuq, Tisuajuk, Tisuajuq, Tisujuittuq. lingua Cree - Awanans. 

Salmo alpinus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 309. Status: nomenclatura originaria, non valida. Opinioni: nomenclatura valida come "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1948:26, Svetovidov 1973:147, Lee et al. 1980:111, Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1984:383, Robins & Ray 1986:77, Lelek 1987:122, Scott & Scott 1988:137, McAllister 1990:85, Lloris & Rucabado 1991:53, Page & Burr 1991:49, Stearley & Smith 1993:21, López et al. 1996:16, Chereshnev 1996:604, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:729, Kottelat 1997:152, Dorofeeva & Savvaitova 1998:37, Scott & Crossman 1998:201, Alexeev & Pichugin 1998:328, Fuller et al. 1999:260, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:46, Chereshnev et al. 2001:94, Mecklenburg et al. 2002:199, Hanel 2003:58, Nelson et al. 2004:86, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:159. Località tipo: "Lapponiae, Angliae alpibus, solus.". Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salvelinus alpinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 309. Status: nuova nomenclatura, valida. Resa necessaria dalla presenza della sottospecie nominale Salvelinus alpinus erythrinus.

Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 309. Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Salvelinus alpinus salvelinus (non Linnaeus, 1758). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Salmo salvelinus (non Linnaeus, 1758). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Salmo carbonarius Strøm, 1784. Physisk-oeconomisk beskrivelse over Eger-praestgiaeld i Aggerhuus-stift i Norge; tilligemed et geographisk Kort over samme. Gyldendals, Copenhagen. Physisk-Oceonomisk Norge 228 pp.; 122. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:152. Località tipo: Modum (distretto di Buskerund, a sud ovest di Oslo), Norvegia. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salmo levis Mohr, 1786. Island (Førsog til en Islandsk naturhistorie, med adskillige oekonomiske samt andre anmaetkninger... Kjøbenhavn. Island Naturhist. i-xvi + 1-413); 80. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:152. Località tipo: Islanda. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salmo lepechini Gmelin, 1789. Systema Naturae Linné v. 1 (pt 3) 1374. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: nomenclatura valida come Salmo lepechini Gmelin 1789, secondo Berg 1948:275, Chereshnev 1996:604, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:730, vedere anche Dorofeeva & Savvaitova 1998:38; sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:152. Località tipo: Lago Ladoga, Russia (erroneamente indicata come fiumi di Olonets nel distretto di Lepechin, 1780, dovrebbe essere invece il lago Ladoga, come riportato da Berg, 1948: 275). Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salvelinus lepechini (Gmelin, 1789). Systema Naturae Linné v. 1 (pt 3) 1374. Status: vedere sopra.

Salmo laevis Walbaum, 1792. Artedi Piscium Pt. 3 60. Status: nomenclatura soggetta a discussione, non valida. Basata su Hammer 1775: 85, numero 381, Salmo laevis pinnis maximis, Islanda; a sua volta basata su Olafsen, 1772: 595, Olafsen 1772: 595, Reydus, Bleiki] e Mohr 1786: 80. Si tratta di una non necessaria sostituzione di nome, o di un ingiustificato emendamento od un omonimo junior di Salmo levis Mohr 1786. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:152. Località tipo: non riportata. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salmo palja Walbaum, 1792. Artedi Piscium Pt. 3 67. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Basata su Lepechin, 1780: 229 (coerentemente con Walbaum; addendum p. 19, pl. 15 fìg. 2, e con Berg, 1948: 275) e S. lepechini Gmelin, 1788: 1374. Opinioni: sinonimo di Salvelinus lepechini (Gmelin 1789),  per Berg 1948:27; sinonimo di Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:152. Località tipo: Lago Ladoga, Russia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: collocazione attuale ignota. 

Salmo punctatus Cuvier, 1829. Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2. Règne Animal (ed. 2) i-xv + 1-406; v. 2 304. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Nomenclatura disponibile dalla descrizione ed indicazione di S. alpinus fatta da Bloch, 1784: 158, pl. 104, che basa il suo lavoro su di un disegno fatto su materiale proveniente dalle Alpi (Svizzera ?) e su vecchi lavori, inclusa la descrizione originale di Linnaeus, 1758: 308. S. punctatus è attualmente ristretto al rapporto originale di Linnaeus. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:152. Località tipo: Lapland e isole britanniche (si tratta di una restrizione recente originariamente era: "tutt'intorno alle Alpi"). Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salmo nivalis Faber, 1829. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Località tipo: Groenlandia, Islanda, isole Farøer, Norvegia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: collocazione attuale ignota.

Salmo ventricosus Nilsson, 1832. "Prodromus ichthyologiae Scandinavicae" Lundae, Prodromus Ichthyol. Scand. i-iv + 1-124; 7. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:153. Località tipo: Sigdal, Norvegia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: collocazione attuale ignota.

Salmo rutilus Nilsson, 1832: "Prodromus ichthyologiae Scandinavicae" Lundae, Prodromus Ichthyol. Scand. i-iv + 1-124; 10. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:153. Località tipo: "laghi del territorio di Hadeland". Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: collocazione attuale ignota.

Salmo Ascanii Valenciennes, 1848. In Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 21. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Basata sul Röding, Roeding o Roetelet di Ascanius, 1775: 4, pl. 32. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), per Kottelat 1997:153. Località tipo: laghi di Christiansadvis, Norvegia. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salmo oquassa Girard, 1854. [Ichthyological observations.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 262-263, v. 4 (1851-1854) 262. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Scott & Crossman 1998:207. Località tipo: Kenebago, insenatura del lago Moosemegantic, New England, U.S.A. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salmo salvelino-stagnalis Smitt, 1886: 111, 163. "Kritisk förteckning öfver de i Riksmuseum befintliga Salmonider." Handl, Svenska Vet. Akad. v. 21 (n° 8). Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Berg 1948:270, Kottelat 1997:153. Località tipo: Teriberka, bocca del fiume Murmansk, penisola di Kola, Russia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: "Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet" di Stoccolma, Svezia, 12050-51 (1, 1).

Salmo alpino-stagnalis Smitt, 1886: 112, 163, "Kritisk förteckning öfver de i Riksmuseum befintliga Salmonider." Handl, Svenska Vet. Akad. v. 21 (n° 8). Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:153. Località tipo: Godthaab e Godhavn, Goenlandia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: "Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet" di Stoccolma, Svezia, 12947-49 (4, 4, 4).

Salmo hybridus Smitt, 1886: 112. "Kritisk förteckning öfver de i Riksmuseum befintliga Salmonider." Handl, Svenska Vet. Akad. v. 21 (n° 8). Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Salvelinus alpinus" (Linnaeus 1758), secondo Kottelat 1997:153. Località tipo: lago Yngern, nei pressi di Persberg, Svezia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: "Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet" di Stoccolma, Svezia, ma attualmente non sono rintracciabili.

Salvelinus lepechini melanostonus Berg, 1932. Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. et des pays limitrophes. 3-e édition, revue et augmentée. Leningrad. Poiss. Eaux Douces URSS 1-554; Part 1 177 Fig. 143. Poiss. Eaux Douces URSS Part 1 174 Figs. 140-141 Current status: In the synonymy of "Salvelinus lepechini" (Gmelin 1789) -- (Berg 1948:278 [ref. 12882]). Not available, infrasubspecific; from Lake Ladoga.. Località tipo: lago Segozero, area del Mar Bianco. Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

Salvelimis lepechini infraspecies profundicola Berg, 1932. Poiss. Eaux Douces URSS Part 1 174 Fig. 140-141. Status: nomenclatura infrasubspecifica, non valida. Opinioni: in sinonimia di "Salvelinus lepechini" (Gmelin 1789), secondo Berg 1948:278. Località tipo: lago Ladoga, Russia (Berg, 1948: 278). Tipo: non è noto nessun esemplare tipo.

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