Il salmerino di lago, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792)

Nomi comuni esteri - Francese - Cristivomer, Omble d'Amérique, Omble du Canada, Touladi, Truite de lac d'Amérique, Truite grise. Inglese - Great Lakes char, Grey trout, Lake charr, Lake trout, Laker, Laker, Landlocked salmon, Mackinaw trout, Masamacush, Mountain trout, Salmon trout, Siscowet, Taque, Togue, Namaycush. Spagnolo - Trucha lacustre. Portoghese - Truta-do-lago, Salvelino-lacustre. Tedesco - Amerikanische Seeforelle. Danimarca - Amerikansk søørred, Canadarødding, Canadarøding, Kanadarødding. Norvegia - Canadaröye, Canadarøye. Svezia - Kanadaröding. Finlandia - Harmaanieriä. Islanda - Murta. Polonia - Palia Jeziorowa. Russia - Severoamerikanskiy kristivomer. Serbia - Pastrva. Lingua Inuit (eschimese) - Akalukpik, Col-lic-puk, Iclook, Idlorak, Ihok, IIuuraq, Ikalukpik, Ikhiloktok, Ikhlorak, Ilortoq, Iqluq, Ishioraliktâq, Islorak, Isok, Isuuq, Isuuqiaq, Isuuqiq, Isuuraaryuk, Isuuraq, Ivitaruk, Keyteeleek, Milaqkkâyoq, Naaqtuuq, Näluarryuk, Nauktoq, Sigguayaq, Siuktuuk, Siyuktuuq. Lingua Cree - Namekus, Nemakos, Nemeks, Némèkus. Lingua Salish - K'wit'thet, K'wsech, Shamet skelex, Shmexwalsh, Sk'wel'eng's schaanexw, Slhop' schaanexw, Spak'ws schaanexw.

Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792). Artedi Piscium Pt. 3 68. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN valida.

Salmo namaycush Walbaum, 1792. Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium. In quibus systema totum ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis. Redactis speciebus 242 ad genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars III. Ant. Ferdin. Rose, Grypeswaldiae. Basato su Namaycush di Pennant 1784. Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Nomenclatura valida come Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), vedere Lee et al. 1980:117, Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:37, Smith 1986:236, Robison & Buchanan 1988:128, Pequeño 1989:29, Paulin et al. 1989:91, Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:138, McAllister 1990:86, Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:54, Page & Burr 1991:48, Stearley & Smith 1993:21, La Rivers 1994:257, Burnham-Curtis & Smith 1994:843, Baxter & Stone 1995:196, Chereshnev 1996:605, Sigler & Sigler 1996:213, Scott & Crossman 1998:220, Fuller et al. 1999:264, Dyer 2000:89, Lyons et al. 2000:40, Nakabo 2000:300, Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200, Mecklenburg et al. 2002:198, Nakabo 2002:300, Moyle 2002:302, López et al. 2003:67, Wydoski & Whitney 2003:102, Hanel 2003:58, Nelson et al. 2004:86, Bailey et al. 2004:158, Menni 2004:85, Scharpf 2006:34 con sottospecie, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:457. Località tipo - Laghi della Baia di Hudson, Canada. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum, 1792). Artedi Piscium Pt. 3 68. Sinonimo senior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Cristovomer namayacush (Walbaum, 1792). Artedi Piscium Pt. 3 68. Errore di scrittura, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Salmo adirondacus Norris, 1865. The American angler's book. Embracing the natural history of sporting fish, and the art of taking them. Philadelphia. The American angler's book. Embracing the natural history of sporting fish, and the art of taking them.: i-xxiii + 1-604. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), vedere Smith 1986:238, La Rivers 1994:257. Località tipo - Laghi dei monti Adirondack, New York, U.S.A. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Salmo amethystus Mitchill, 1818. Description of three species of fish. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2): 407-412. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), vedere Smith 1985:238, La Rivers 1994:257, Scott & Crossman 1998:227. Località tipo - Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan, U.S.A.. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Salmo amethystinus Mitchill, 1818. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2). Sinonimo junior, nuova combinazione, nomenclatura ICZN non valida.

Salmo confinis DeKay, 1842. Zoology of New-York, or the New-York fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the state of New-York, with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illustrations. Part IV. Fishes. W. & A. White & J. Visscher, Albany. (part of: Natural History of New York). Zoology of New-York, or the New-York fauna; ...: i-xv + 1-415, Pls. 1-79. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), vedere Smith 1985:238, Scott & Crossman 1998:227. Località tipo - Silver Lake, Pennsilvania; Lago Luis e laghi di New York, U.S.A.. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Salmo ferox, Perley, 1852. Fish. Descriptive catalogue [in part] of the fishes of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. 2nd edition. Fredericton. Descriptive catalogue [in part] of the fishes of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. 2nd edition.: 50 pp. Non descrizione originale, ma identificazione come Salmo ferox Jardine 1835, degli specimen del Canada orientale conservati nel museo. Caso di omonimia, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - In  sinonimia di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), Vedere Scott & Crossman 1998:227. Località tipo - Lago Eagle e laghi St. Francis, Metapediac, Miraimichi, Temiscoueta, Cheputnecticook, St. Croix Ground, Loch Lamond (?). Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - Attuale collocazione ignota.

Cristivomer namaycush huronicus Hubbs, 1930. Further additions and corrections to the list of the fishes of the Great Lakes and tributary waters. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science Arts and Letters v. 11 (for 1929): 425-436. Apparso prima senza caratteri tassonomici descrittivi in Hubbs 1929:155. Compare anche in Hubbs & Lagler 1941:36 ed in successive edizioni dello stesso lavoro datate 1930 come sopra. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), secondo gli autori del Catalog of fishes della California Academy of Sciences. Località tipo - Lago Rush, Contea di Marquette, Michigan, U.S.A.. Tipo - Olotipo UMMZ 81618. Paratipi - UMMZ 80510-80514 (5), 80518 (1).

Salar namagcush Valenciennes, 1848. In Cuvier & Valenciennes 1848. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome vingt et unième. Suite du livre vingt et unième et des Clupéoïdes. Livre vingt-deuxième. De la famille des Salmonoïdes. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 21: i-xiv + 1 p. + 1-536, Pls. 607-633. Basato su Namagcush di Pennant 1784 ed altri autori, ma apparentemente indipendente da Salmo namaycush Walbaum 1792. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), secondo gli autori del Catalog of fishes della California Academy of Sciences.

Salmo pallidus Rafinesque, 1817. First decade of new North American fishes. American Monthly Magazine and Critical Revue v. 2 (n° 2): 120-121. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), vedere Smith 1985:238, La Rivers 1994:257, Scott & Crossman 1998:227. Località tipo - Lago George, lago Champlain ed altri laghi, Nord America. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Salmo siscowet Agassiz, 1850. Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions. By Louis Agassiz. With a narrative of the tour, by J. Elliot Cabot. And contributions by other scientific gentlemen. Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, Boston. Lake Superior: its physical character, vegetation, and animals, compared with those of other and similar regions.: i-x + 9-428, frontispiece + Pls. 1-16 (i pesci sono trattati nel capitolo VI, pag. 246-377). Vedere Salmo siskawitz Herbert 1850 e Salmo siskiwit Agassiz 1848. Scritto siskawitz in Herbert 1850:112, dall'elenco di Agassiz, e siskiwit in Agassiz 1848:61. Scritto anche siskowit in Kennicott 1855:594. Herbert potrebbe essere datato 1849, questo sarebbe prioritario rispetto a siscowet di Agassiz, ed entrambi i nomi sarebbero più recenti di siskiwit Agassiz 1848. Comunque siscowet compare in letteratura molto più comunemente e può essere mantenuto come nomen protectum. In Jordan 1878:430 e Jordan 1878:105 compare come siscowet. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), ma valida sottospecie, vedere Scharpf 2006:34. Località tipo - Michipicotin, sulla costa nordest del Lago Superiore, Nord America. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - MCZ 10031 e 10032 (2 scheletri).

Salmo siskawitz Herbert, 1850. Ex Agassiz. Frank Forester's fish and fishing of the United States and British Provinces of North America. Frank Forester's fish and fishing of the United States and British Provinces of North America.: 359 pp. Vedere Salmo siscowet Agassiz 1850. Herbert potrebbe essere datato al 1849. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), secondo gli autori del Catalog of fishes della California Academy of Sciences.

Salmo siskiwit Agassiz, 1848. Remarks on some of the Salmonidae of Lake Superior. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 3 (1848-1851): 61-62. Vedere Salmo siskawitz Herbert 1850 e Salmo siscowet Agassiz, 1850. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), secondo gli autori del Catalog of fishes della California Academy of Sciences.

Salmo symmetrica Prescott, 1851. Descriptions of new species of fishes. American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 11 (n° 33): 340-345. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), vedere La Rivers 1994:257 (come symmetricus). Località tipo - Winnipisseogee, probabilmente Lago Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Salmo toma Holmes, 1863. Ex Hamlin. Dr. Holmes' report on the fishes of Maine. Part II. Descriptive ichthyology. Second Annual Report of Nat. Hist. Geol. State Maine: 11-119. A p. 112 si afferma, "Copiato da un opuscolo sulla lingua, pubblicato da A. C. Hamlin, M. D., Bangor." Apparentemente Holmes fornisce il nome scientifico, la paternità dovrebbe essere essere Homes & Hamlin o Hamlin & Homes. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura ICZN non valida. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum 1792), secondo gli autori del Catalog of fishes della California Academy of Sciences. Località tipo - Laghi del Maine, U.S.A., e del New Brunswick, Canada. Tipo - Nessun esemplare noto.

Note sulla sistematica - La sistematica delle popolazioni di S. namaycush dovrebbe essere riesaminata, potrebbero essere presenti valide sottospecie o specie. Secondo Morrow (1980, "The freshwater fishes of Alaska". University of. B. C. Animal Resources Ecology Library), i tre fenotipi esistenti nel Lago Superiore (Nord America), denominati lean, siscowet e humper o paperbelly sono determinati geneticamente, non si tratta di un adattamento ecologico.

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