Lo scazzone, Cottus gobio

Linnaeus, 1758

Nomi comuni esteri - Inglese - Bullhead, European bullhead, Sculpin, Freshwater sculpin. Galles - Penlletwad. Francese - Chabot, Chabot commun, Cabot, Aze, Botte, Sassot, Séchot, Têtard. Tedesco - Bullen, Dickkopf, Dickkopp, Dolbn, Greppe, Groppe, Kappen, Kaulkopf, Kaulquappe, Kautzenkopf, Koppe, Kuleken, Mühlkoppe, Müllerkopf, Müllerkoppe, Rotzkober, Rotzkolbe, Tolben, Turzbull. Spagnolo - Cavilat. Portoghese - Escorpião-de-água-doce. Olanda - Rivier-donderpad, Rivierdonderpad. Danimarca - Almindelig ferskvandsulk, Ferskvandsulk, Flodulk, Hvidfinnet ferskvandsulk. Norvegia - Hvitfinnet steinulke. Svezia - Rysk Simpa, Stensimpa, Stensimpan. Finlandia - Kivikala, Kivisimppu. Russo - Buichok-podkamentschik, Babets, Bychok-podkamenschik, Podkamenshchik obyknovennyi, Podkamenshtschik. Ucraina - Babets zvychainyi. Polonia - Glowacz bialopletwy, Klujek kamienny. Estonia - Võldas. Lettonia - Platgalve. Lituania - Paprastasis kujagalvis. Repubblica Ceca - Hlavac obycajny, Vranka obecná. Slovacchia - Hlavác obycajný. Ungheria - Botos kölönte. Romania -  Zglavoc, Zglavos. Slovenia - Kapic. Serbia - Pes. Turchia - Dereiskorbiti baligi. Cina - Jū dù fù yú (鮈杜父魚 鮈杜父鱼), Xiù sè dù fù yú (繡色杜父魚 绣色杜父鱼), Qiáo shā jū dù fù yú (喬沙鮈杜父魚).

Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae. Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1: i-ii + 1-824. Sinonimo senior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Nomenclatura specifica valida come Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Berg 1949:1145, Neyelov 1973:593, Sideleva 1982:81, Fedorov in Whitehead et al. 1986:1247, Lelek 1987:274, Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184, Chereshnev 1996:606, Kottelat 1997:169, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:758, Sideleva 1998:151, Fricke 1999:38, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:46, Parin et al. 2002:S73, Hanel 2003:61, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:186, Freyhof et al. 2005:124, Hanel & Lusk 2005:337, Fricke 2007:26, Shedko & Miroshnichenko 2007:24, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:508, Sideleva 2009:210. Località tipo - Torrente Freudenbach a Lockstädt, 53°12'N, 12°01'E, corso inferiore del fiume Elba, Germania. Tipo - Neotipo NRM 51803. Neotipo designato da Fricke 1999:38, ma in seguito ritirato in Fricke 2000:639. Per chiarimenti sul tipo e sulla designazione del neotipo vedere Freyhof et al. 2005:129.

Cottus affinis Heckel, 1837. Ichthyologische Beiträge zu den Familien der Cottoiden, Scorpaenoiden, Gobioiden und Cyprinoiden. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2 (n° 1): 142-164, Pls. 8-9. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:169, Freyhof et al. 2005:124, 132. Località tipo - Isola di Mörkö Island, vicino a Stoccolma, Svezia. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - Irreperibili.

Cottus ferrugineus Heckel & Kner, 1858. Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie, mit Rücksicht auf die angränzenden Länder. Leipzig. Comparso inizialmente come nomen nudum in Bonaparte 1846:62, vedere Lelek 1987:274. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Nomenclatura specifica valida come Cottus ferrugineus Heckel & Kner 1858, vedere Kottelat 1997:169. Sinonimo di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Berg 1949:1145, Neyelov 1973:593, Freyhof et al. 2005:132, Bianco & Delmastro 2011:6. Località tipo - Lago di Garda, Treviso, Italia e Xegar, Dalmazia (ora Croazia). Tipo - Lectotipo NMW 6419. Paralectotipi - NMW 6036 (4), 6419 (? ora 4), 6562-63 (2, 3), 6673 (6), 78799 (4).

Cottus gobio jaxartensis Berg, 1916. Les Poissons des eaux douces de la Russie. Moscow. Les Poissons des eaux douces de la Russie: i-xxvii + 1-563. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, vedere Berg 1949:1148. Provvisoriamente sinonimo di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:169. Località tipo - Syrdarja, Fiume Ugam, tributario del fiume Chirchik, Bacino del fiume Syr-Darya, Uzbekistan. Tipo - Olotipo (unico): non studiato.

Cottus gobio var. macrostomus Jeitteles, 1863. Die Fische der March bei Olmützer. Jahres-Berichte des Olumtzer K. K. Gymnasium für das Schuljahr 1863: 3-33 Originale non visionato. Nomenclatura trattata come infrasubspecifica da Kottelat 1997:169, e quindi non disponibile. Se ritenuta disponibile il nome risulterebbe gia occupato da Cottus poecilopus var. macrostomus Jeitteles 1862. From Czech Republic. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:169, Freyhof et al. 2005:125. Provenienza del materiale esaminato - Repubblica Ceca.

Cottus gobio natio pellegrini Vladykov, 1931. Poissons de la Russie sous-carpathique (Tchécoslovaquie). Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France v. 29 (n° 4): 217-374. Nomenclatura infrasubspecifica non disponibile. Validamente pubblicato da Bacescu & Nacescu-Mester 1964. Opinioni - In sinonimia di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Berg 1949:1331. Provenienza del materiale esaminato - Bacino del fiume Tisza, Ucraina. Catalogo illustrato dei tipi - Blanc & Hureau 1968:51, con gli esemplari da MNHN 1930-220 a 223 (4) come sintipi; Sanda et al. 2010:30, con paralectotipi e lectotipo designati da Freyhof et al. 2005.

Cottus gobio pellegrini Bacescu & Bacescu-Mester, 1964. Cottus petiti sp. n., un chabot nouveau récolté en France. Considérations zoogéographiques et données comparatives sur d'autres Cottus d'Europe. Vie et Milieu Suppl. n° 17: 431-446, Pls. 1-2. Disponibile come nome sottospecifico su indicazione nel nome infrasubspecifico trattato da Vladykov 1931. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Kottelat 1997:169, Freyhof et al. 2005:125. Località tipo - Carpazi ucraini, bacino del fiume Danubio, Teresva, Ucraina. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - Da MNHN 1930-0220 a 0223 (4).

Cottus gobio var. roseus Odenwall, 1927. Cottus gobio L. var. roseus n. var. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. v. 2: 56-57. Sinonimo junior, combinazione originale, nomenclatura specifica non valida secondo i criteri ICZN. Opinioni - Sinonimo di Cottus gobio Linnaeus 1758, vedere Berg 1949:1145. Località tipo - Lappajärvi Sjö, Finlandia. Tipo - Nessuno. Sintipi - Mus. Zool. Helsinki.

Note sulla sistematica - La specie è stata recentemente sottoposta a revisione. Molte popolazioni sono state riconosciute come specie valide (Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005). In ogni caso, la presenza di molte popolazioni isolare e la frammentazione e vastità dell'area di distribuzione della specie, fanno ritenere che ricerche future probabilmente dimostreranno che C. gobio è in realtà un assemblaggio di varie specie, ciascuna da identificare e valutare.

Fonti bibliografiche principali - Kottelat M. and J. Freyhof 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyof, Berlin, Germany. Pagina 508 - 511.

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