Lo scazzone, Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758

Nomi comuni esteri - Spagnolo - Cavilat. Portoghese - Escorpião-de-água-doce. Francese - Chabot, Chabot commun, Cabot, Aze, Botte, Sassot, Séchot, Têtard. Inglese - Bullhead, European bullhead, Sculpin, Freshwater sculpin, Miller's thumb. Gallese - Penlletwad. Tedesco - Bullen, Dickkopf, Dickkopp, Dolbn, Greppe, Groppe, Kappen, Kaulkopf, Kaulquappe, Kautzenkopf, Koppe, Kuleken, Mühlkoppe, Müllerkopf, Müllerkoppe, Rotzkober, Rotzkolbe, Tolben, Turzbull. Olandese - Rivierdonderpad. Danese - Almindelig, Ferskvandsulk, Hvidfinnet ferskvandsulk. Norvegese - Hvitfinnet steinulke. Svedese - Rysk Simpa, Stensimpa. Finnico - Kivisimppu. Russo - Buichok-podkamentschik, Babets, Bychok-podkamenschik, Podkamenshchik obyknovennyi, Podkamenshtschik. Polacco - Glowacz bialopletwy, Klujek kamienny. Repubblica Ceca - Hlavac obycajny, Vranka obecná. Slovacchia - Hlavác obycajný. Ungheria - Botos kölönte. Rumeno -  Zglavoc, Zglavos. Sloveno - Kapic. Turco - Dereiskorbiti baligi.

Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 265. Status: nomenclatura originaria, valida. opinioni: nomenclatura valida come "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Berg 1949:1145, Neyelov 1973:593, Sideleva 1982:81, Fedorov in Whitehead et al. 1986:1247, Lelek 1987:274, Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184, Chereshnev 1996:606, Kottelat 1997:169, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:758, Sideleva 1998:151, Fricke 1999:38, Bogutskaya et al. 2001:46, Parin et al. 2002:S73, Hanel 2003:61, Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:186, Freyhof et al. 2005:124. Neotipo designato da Fricke 1999:38, ma ritirato in Fricke 2000:639. Per la discussione sulla designazione del neotipo, vedere Freyhof et al. 2005:129. Località tipo: torrente Freudenbach a Lockstädt, 53°12'N, 12°01'E, basso corso del fiume Elba, Germania. Tipo: NRM 51803.

Cottus gobio gobio Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1 265. Status: nuova nomenclatura, non valida.

Cottus affinis Heckel, 1837. Ichthyologische Beiträge zu den Familien der Cottoiden, Scorpaenoiden, Gobioiden und Cyprinoiden. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturges. 143-164; v. 2 150. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Kottelat 1997:169, Freyhof et al. 2005:124, 132. Località tipo: Mörkö I., nei pressi di Stockholm, Svezia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: attuale collocazione ignota.

Cottus microstomus (non Heckel, 1837). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Cottus gobio macrostomus Jeitteles, 1863. Die Fische der March bei Olmütz. Abth. Jahres-Ber. Kaiserl. Königl. Gymnasium Olmütz 3-33; 1863 14. Status: omonimo junior di Cottus poecilopus var. macrostomus Jeitteles, 1862. Nomenclatura considerata infrasubspecifica da Kottelat 1997:169. Nomenclatura non disponibile; se considerata disponibile il nome è occupato precedentemente da "Cottus poecilopus" var. "macrostomus" Jeitteles 1862. Opinioni: in sinonimia di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Kottelat 1997:169, Freyhof et al. 2005:125. Provenienza del materiale esaminato: Repubblica Ceca.

Cottus gobio koshewnikowi (non Gratzianov, 1907). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Cottus koshewnikowi (non Gratzianov, 1907). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Cottus gobio jaxartensis Berg, 1916. Les Poissons des eaux douces de la Russie. Moscow. Poiss. Eaux Douces Russie i-xxvii + 1-563; 437. Status: nomenclatura soggetta a discussione, non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, secondo Berg 1949:1148; sinonimo provvisorio di sinonimo di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, per Kottelat 1997:169. Località tipo: Syrdarja, fiume Ugam, affluente del fiume Chirchik, bacino del Syr-Darya, Uzbekistan. Tipo: non cercato.

Cottus gobio jakartensis Berg, 1916. Status: Vedere sopra.

Cottus gobio milvensis (non Soldatov, 1924). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Cottus gobio roseus Odenwall, 1927. "Cottus gobio" L. var. "roseus" n. var. Mem. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. Helsingfors 56-57; v. 2 56. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. Opinioni:  sinonimo di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Berg 1949:1145. Località tipo: Lappajärvi Sjö, Finlandia. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: Zool. Mus. Helsinki.

Cottus gobio pellegrini Vladykov, 1931. Poissons de la Russie sous-carpathique (Tchécoslovaquie). Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. 217-374; v. 29 (no. 4) 353 Fig. 28. Status: nomenclatura infrasubspecifica, non disponibile, non valida. Opinioni: in sinonimia di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Berg 1949:1331. Catalogo: Blanc & Hureau 1968:51, con gli esemplari  MNHN 1930-220 to 223 (4) come sintipi. Provenienza del materiale esaminato: bacino del fiume Tisza, Ucraine. Pubblicata come valida da Bacescu & Nacescu-Mester 1964.

Cottus gobio hispaniolensis (non Bacescu & Bacescu - Mester, 1964). Status: errore d'identificazione, nomenclatura non valida.

Cottus gobio pellegrini Bacescu & Bacescu -Mester, 1964. "Cottus petiti" sp. n., un chabot nouveau récolté en France. Considérations zoogéographiques et données comparatives sur d'autres "Cottus" d'Europe. Vie Milieu 431-446; n° 17 442. Status: sinonimo junior, nomenclatura non valida. disponibile su indicazione di Vladykov 1931. Opinioni:  sinonimo di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Kottelat 1997:169, Freyhof et al. 2005:125. Località tipo: zona carpatica in Ucraine, bacino del Danubio, Teresva, Ucraine. Tipo: nessuno. Sintipi: MNHN 1930-0220 to 0223 (4).

Cottus gobio haemusi Marinov & Dikov, 1986. "Cottus gobio haemusi" subsp. n. (Pisces, Cottidae) from Bulgaria. Acta Zool. Bulg. 18-23; n° 31 19. Status: nomenclatura soggetta a discussione, non valida. Opinioni: sinonimo provvisorio di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 1758, secondo Kottelat 1997:169; nomenclatura valida come "Cottus haemusi" Marinov & Dikov 1986, secondo Freyhof et al. 2005:160; sinonimo di "Cottus gobio" Linnaeus 11758, ma valida sottospecie come da descrizione, per Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:184. Località tipo: tratto superiore del fiume Beli Vit, sopra il villaggio di Ribarica, bacino del Danubio, Bulgaria. Tipo: DHISUB 6039-1. Paratipi: DHISUB 6016-1 to 6038-1 (23), 6040-1 to 6045-1 (6).

Cottus haemusi Marinov & Dikov, 1986. Status: provvisoriamente considerata buona specie da Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005; vedere anche sopra.

Note sulla sistematica - La specie è stata recentemente sottoposta a revisione. Molte popolazioni sono state riconosciute come specie valide (Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005). Fishbase esclude la presenza di C. gobio in Italia, fatto che per logica farebbe intuire che le popolazioni italiane facciano parte di una specie a se stante: C. ferrugineus o C. scaturigo.

http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=2439&genusname=Cottus&speciesname=gobio

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